Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature F GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 1F Tuesday 1 4 May 201 9 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Mat erials For Examiner’s Use For this paper you must have: • a ruler Question Mark • a scientific calculator. 1 Instructions 2 • Use black ink or black ball - point pen. 3 • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4 • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 5 • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. 6 • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 7 8 Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. 9 • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. TOTAL • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answe rs. * jun1984611f01 * 8461/1F IB/M/Jun19/E16

Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
F
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Foundation Tier Paper 1F
Tuesday 1 4 May 201 9 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Mat erials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1
Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball - point pen. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 5
to be marked. 6
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
7
Information 8
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100. 9
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
TOTAL
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answe rs.
* jun1984611f01 * 8461/1F
IB/M/Jun19/E16

2 Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 Many foods contain carbohydrates. Figure 1 shows information about four different foods. Figure 1 0 1 . 1 Which food contains the highest percentage of carbohydrate? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. I Beans 50K Chicken Orange ✓ Rice 75% * 02 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

2
Do not write
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. outside the
box
0 1 Many foods contain carbohydrates.
Figure 1 shows information about four different foods.
Figure 1
0 1 . 1 Which food contains the highest percentage of carbohydrate?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
I
Beans
50K
Chicken
Orange
✓
Rice 75%
* 02 *
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3 Do not write outside the 0 1 . 2 Estimate the percentage of water found in beans. box [1 mark] 4/4 1 4 2 3 1 3 z Percentage = 25 % % 3/4 0 1 . 3 Look at Figure 1 . Why would eating only beans provide a more balanced diet than eating only chicken? [1 mark] ontaifdgP- 0 1 . 4 Sugars are produced when enzymes break down starch. What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down starch to produce sugars? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ Amylase Bile breaks down fats 2- lipids ( fats ) Lipase breaks down ← Protease breaks down proteins G- Aaaaa 0 1 . 5 Which chemical could be used to test for glucose? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ Benedict’s reagent proteins Biuret reagent tests ← for Iodine solution starch tests for ← fats Sulfuric acid tests C- for Turn over ► * 03 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

3
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 2 Estimate the percentage of water found in beans. box
[1 mark]
4/4 4 1
3 1 2
z Percentage = 3 25 % %
3/4
0 1 . 3 Look at Figure 1 .
Why would eating only beans provide a more balanced diet than eating only chicken?
[1 mark]
ontaifdgP-
0 1 . 4 Sugars are produced when enzymes break down starch.
What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down starch to produce sugars?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
Amylase
Bile 2- breaks down fats
lipids ( fats )
Lipase breaks down
←
Protease
breaks down proteins
G-
Aaaaa
0 1 . 5 Which chemical could be used to test for glucose?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
Benedict’s reagent
Biuret reagent ← tests for proteins
Iodine solution ← tests for starch
Sulfuric acid tests fats
C- for
Turn over ►
* 03 *
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4 Do not write outside the 0 1 . 6 What colour change would be seen in a positive test for glucose? box [1 mark] From blue to . red Green / yellow / / brown orange 0 1 . 7 People with diabetes have difficulty controlling the concentration of glucose in their blood. The blood of four people was tested. Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 Concentration of glucose in Person blood in arbitrary units A 4.2 B 6.9 C 7.1 D 5.1 Table 2 shows the information used to help decide if a person has diabetes. Table 2 Concentration of glucose in blood in Conclusion arbitrary units <5.6 No diabetes 5.6 to 7.0 Mild diabetes >7.0 Severe diabetes Which person has severe diabetes? 1>70 > ' [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. y A B C D * 04 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

4
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 6 What colour change would be seen in a positive test for glucose? box
[1 mark]
From blue to red Green / yellow / / brown .
orange
0 1 . 7 People with diabetes have difficulty controlling the concentration of glucose in
their blood.
The blood of four people was tested.
Table 1 shows the results.
Table 1
Concentration of glucose in
Person
blood in arbitrary units
A 4.2
B 6.9
C 7.1
D 5.1
Table 2 shows the information used to help decide if a person has diabetes.
Table 2
Concentration of
glucose in blood in Conclusion
arbitrary units
<5.6 No diabetes
5.6 to 7.0 Mild diabetes
>7.0 Severe diabetes
Which person has severe diabetes? > 1>70
'
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
y
A B C D
* 04 *
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5 Do not write outside the Figure 2 shows part of the human digestive system. box Figure 2 ← Stomach - É pancreas Gall ✓ bladder 0 1 . 8 Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream in part X . Name part X . [1 mark] small intestine 0 1 . 9 Complete the sentences. [2 marks] Choose answers from the box. active transport digestion excretion - - breakdown of getting rid against concentration protein / lipid / carbohydrate waste osmosis respiration of etc - lmaoo diffusion of water Oz coz Some glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream against the concentration gradient by the process of . active transport Water moves out of part Y and into the blood stream by - 10 the process of . osmosis large intestine Iff Turn over ► small intestine * 05 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

5
Do not write
outside the
Figure 2 shows part of the human digestive system. box
Figure 2
←
Stomach
-
É
pancreas
Gall ✓
bladder
0 1 . 8 Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream in part X .
Name part X .
[1 mark]
small intestine
0 1 . 9 Complete the sentences.
[2 marks]
Choose answers from the box.
active transport digestion excretion
- -
breakdown of getting rid
against concentration osmosis protein / lipid / carbohydrate respiration of waste
etc -
lmaoo
diffusion of water Oz
coz
Some glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream against the concentration gradient by
the process of .
active transport
Water moves out of part Y and into the blood stream by
-
10
the process of .
osmosis
large
intestine Iff
Turn over ► small
intestine
* 05 *
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6 Do not write outside the 0 2 An animal called an axolotl lives in water. box Figure 3 shows an axolotl. Figure 3 Oxygen enters the axolotl’s bloodstream through the gills by diffusion. 0 2 . 1 What is diffusion? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. t r The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration nstÉtit, active The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration transport The movement of water from a concentrated solution to a more dilute solution osmosis - 0 2 . 2 Describe how one feature of the axolotl’s gills increases the rate of diffusion of oxygen. Use information from Figure 3 . [2 marks] Feature gills have many projections Description makes Gills ] have large a surface area 0 * 06 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

6
Do not write
outside the
0 2 An animal called an axolotl lives in water. box
Figure 3 shows an axolotl.
Figure 3
Oxygen enters the axolotl’s bloodstream through the gills by diffusion.
0 2 . 1 What is diffusion?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
t
r
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
nstÉtit,
active
The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration transport
The movement of water from a concentrated solution to a more dilute solution osmosis
-
0 2 . 2 Describe how one feature of the axolotl’s gills increases the rate of diffusion
of oxygen.
Use information from Figure 3 .
[2 marks]
Feature gills have
many projections
Description makes Gills have ] large
a surface area
0
* 06 *
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7 Do not write outside the If a gill of an axolotl is removed, stem cells in the damaged area will divide and a new box gill will grow. 0 2 . 3 Complete the sentence. [1 mark] inherited Choose the answer from the box. Change of Y characteristics within tic of organism an population time over a survival selection that improves its chances of ( through natural adaptation differentiation - evolution variation - - that cells express specific genes ( Genetic differences specialised cell type characterise it into a more individuals between When stem cells specialise to produce gill cells, this process is within species a - known as . differentiation * Mitosis identical = Meiosis identical = non - 0 2 . 4 Complete the sentence. [1 mark] Choose the answer from the box. bacterial replication ys f) change in a gene = binary fission mitosis - mutation - cellular replication To grow a new gill the stem cells divide by . mitosis E- 0 2 . 5 Which one of the following does not contain stem cells? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. Develops into : ) C- cartilage bone Red blood cell , - Bone marrow blood cell - White platelets - Embryos Person ! ✓ Hair × Plant organs Meristem tissue - ) leg roots leaves , . . tin plants Turn over ► * 07 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

7
Do not write
outside the
If a gill of an axolotl is removed, stem cells in the damaged area will divide and a new box
gill will grow.
0 2 . 3 Complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
inherited
Choose the answer from the box. Change of
Y characteristics within
tic of an organism population over time
survival a selection
that improves its chances of ( through natural
adaptation differentiation - evolution variation
- -
cells express specific genes that ( Genetic differences
specialised cell type
characterise it into a more between individuals
When stem cells specialise to produce gill cells, this process is within a species
-
known as differentiation .
* Mitosis = identical
Meiosis = non - identical
0 2 . 4 Complete the sentence.
[1 mark]
Choose the answer from the box.
bacterial replication
ys f) change in a gene
=
binary fission mitosis - mutation
-
cellular
replication
To grow a new gill the stem cells divide by mitosis .
E-
0 2 . 5 Which one of the following does not contain stem cells?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
Develops into :
C- cartilage bone )
Red blood cell ,
Bone marrow -
blood cell
- White
platelets
-
Embryos Person !
✓
Hair ×
Plant organs
Meristem tissue -
leg roots leaves )
tin plants , . .
Turn over ►
* 07 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

8 Do not write outside the 0 2 . 6 Axolotls are small animals. Axolotls are used in stem cell research. box What are two advantages of using axolotls in stem cell research ? [2 marks] Tick ( 9 ) two boxes. = Axolotls are cheap to feed. Axolotls are easy to breed. Axolotls are endangered. Axolotls live in water. Axolotl research is cruel. * 08 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

8
Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 6 Axolotls are small animals. Axolotls are used in stem cell research. box
What are two advantages of using axolotls in stem cell research ?
[2 marks]
Tick ( 9 ) two boxes.
=
Axolotls are cheap to feed.
Axolotls are easy to breed.
Axolotls are endangered.
Axolotls live in water.
Axolotl research is cruel.
* 08 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

9 Do not write outside the Oxygen uptake in humans takes place in the lungs. box Figure 4 shows the human breathing system. Figure 4 ) trachea t ( splits into bronchi alveolus 2 In close contact with capillaries - bronchioles 0 2 . 7 Where does oxygen enter the bloodstream? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. A B C D 0 2 . 8 Name part E on Figure 4 . [1 mark] trachea 0 2 . 9 Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs ? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. heart the body out to of Aorta → ✓ heart to lungs Pulmonary artery → from Vena cava body to heart → from 11 Turn over ► * 09 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

9
Do not write
outside the
Oxygen uptake in humans takes place in the lungs. box
Figure 4 shows the human breathing system.
Figure 4
trachea t ( splits into ) bronchi
alveolus 2
In close
contact
with
capillaries
-
bronchioles
0 2 . 7 Where does oxygen enter the bloodstream?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
A B C D
0 2 . 8 Name part E on Figure 4 .
[1 mark]
trachea
0 2 . 9 Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs ?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
out heart to the body
Aorta of
→
✓
Pulmonary artery heart to lungs
→ from
Vena cava body to heart
→ from 11
Turn over ►
* 09 *
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10 Do not write outside the 0 3 This question is about leaves. box Transports 0 3 . 1 Complete the sentences. nutrients - - t Choose answers from the box. [3 marks] upper a - epidermis phloem palisade mesophyll of surface it leaf waxy cuticle xylem -1 transports waterproof layer ~ transparent dissolved below upper top on of leaf ( water & epidermis ions , lots of The layer of cells lining the upper surface and lower surface of a chlorophyll epidermis leaf is the . The part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs is the palisade mesophytl . xylem Water is transported to the leaf in the . Water is lost through small openings on the lower surface of plant leaves. These small openings are called stomata. Figure 5 shows two stomata on the lower surface of a leaf. Figure 5 * 10 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

10
Do not write
outside the
0 3 This question is about leaves. box
Transports
0 3 . 1 Complete the sentences.
nutrients
- -
t
Choose answers from the box.
[3 marks]
upper a
epidermis - phloem palisade mesophyll
surface of it
leaf
waxy cuticle xylem
-1
waterproof layer transports
transparent dissolved below ~ upper
on top of leaf ( water &
epidermis
ions ,
lots of
The layer of cells lining the upper surface and lower surface of a chlorophyll
leaf is the epidermis .
The part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs
is the palisade mesophytl .
Water is transported to the leaf in the xylem .
Water is lost through small openings on the lower surface of plant leaves.
These small openings are called stomata.
Figure 5 shows two stomata on the lower surface of a leaf.
Figure 5
* 10 *
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11 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 2 The cells labelled X control the width of the stomata. box What are the cells labelled X ? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. - Guard cells contract and relax Mesophyll cells to change beneath surface stomata width Root hair cells roots in Stem cells i. meristem e. in root tips 0 3 . 3 What is the function of the stomata? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. To allow light into the leaf ✓ To let carbon dioxide into the leaf / To let sugars out of the leaf To protect the leaf from pathogens bottom stomata hole is the in the guard cells of the leaf between 0 3 . 4 How is water lost from a leaf? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ By evaporation 6 Coz 6h20 By respiration Ha Oo +6oz → + By translocation being Movement glucose to other parts after of produced via photosynthesis Turn over ► * 11 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

11
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 2 The cells labelled X control the width of the stomata. box
What are the cells labelled X ?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
-
Guard cells
contract
and relax
Mesophyll cells
to change
beneath surface stomata
width
Root hair cells
in roots
Stem cells
i. e. meristem
in root tips
0 3 . 3 What is the function of the stomata?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
To allow light into the leaf
✓
To let carbon dioxide into the leaf
/
To let sugars out of the leaf
To protect the leaf from pathogens bottom
stomata is the hole in the
guard cells
of the leaf between
0 3 . 4 How is water lost from a leaf?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
By evaporation
6 Coz 6h20
By respiration Ha Oo +6oz → +
By translocation Movement of glucose to other parts after being
produced via photosynthesis
Turn over ►
* 11 *
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12 Do not write outside the A student investigated the volume of water lost from two plants. box The plants were different species. Figure 6 shows the student’s results. Figure 6 I 1 f - - - - - - - l f- - - - - * 12 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

12
Do not write
outside the
A student investigated the volume of water lost from two plants. box
The plants were different species.
Figure 6 shows the student’s results.
Figure 6
I
1
f
- - - - - - -
l
f-
- - - -
* 12 *
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13 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 5 Calculate the difference in the volume of water los t by plant A compared to plant B in box the first hour. [2 marks] Plant A lost 5cm ' 5-1=4 Plant > B lost 1cm Difference in volume = 4 cm 3 0 3 . 6 What co uld cause plant A to lose water at a faster rate than plant B ? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. Temperature - ✗ Wind speed Plant A has fewer stomata per leaf . - - Surface area ✗ Plant A is smaller . ✓ Plant A has more leaves . ✗ Plant A has smaller leaves . MAMA 0 3 . 7 After the first 2 hours, both plants were moved to a new room. Suggest one reason why both plants lost water at a faster rate in the new room. [1 mark] Warmer Windier Brighter - - - Drier / less humid - - Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 13 * . IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

13
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 5 Calculate the difference in the volume of water los t by plant A compared to plant B in box
the first hour.
[2 marks]
Plant A lost 5cm ' 5-1=4
Plant B lost 1cm >
Difference in volume = 4 cm 3
0 3 . 6 What co uld cause plant A to lose water at a faster rate than plant B ?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
- Temperature
✗ Wind speed
Plant A has fewer stomata per leaf . -
- Surface area
✗
Plant A is smaller .
✓
Plant A has more leaves .
Plant A has smaller leaves . ✗
MAMA
0 3 . 7 After the first 2 hours, both plants were moved to a new room.
Suggest one reason why both plants lost water at a faster rate in the new room.
[1 mark]
- Warmer Windier Brighter
- -
Drier / less humid
-
- Question 3 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 13 *
. IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

14 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 8 Some plants have adaptations to stop them from being eaten by animals. box =\ characteristic giving the organism Figure 7 shows part of a holly plant. survival advantage a Aged Figure 7 • μ • -g- -83g Describe one way the holly plant is adapted to stop it being eaten by animals. [1 mark] heaves have spikes 11 spikes g- 0 ¥ tough poison brightly coloured * 14 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

14
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 8 Some plants have adaptations to stop them from being eaten by animals. box
=\
characteristic
giving the organism
Figure 7 shows part of a holly plant.
a survival advantage
Aged Figure 7
• μ
•
-g-
-83g
Describe one way the holly plant is adapted to stop it being eaten by animals.
[1 mark]
heaves
have spikes
11
spikes
g-
0 ¥
tough
poison
brightly
coloured
* 14 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

15 Do not write outside the T urn over for the next question box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Turn over ► * 15 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

15
Do not write
outside the
T urn over for the next question box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
Turn over ►
* 15 *
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16 Do not write outside the 0 4 A student investigated respiration in yeast. box This is the method used. 1. Add 5 cm 3 of a yeast and water mixture to each measuring cylinder. 2. Add different masses of sugar to each measuring cylinder. 3. Mix the contents of each measuring cylinder gently for 5 seconds. 4. Put the measuring cylinders in a water bath at 25 °C 5. Over the next 20 minutes, record the maximum volume the foam reaches in each measuring cylinder. Figure 8 shows the student’s results. Figure 8 - * 16 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

16
Do not write
outside the
0 4 A student investigated respiration in yeast. box
This is the method used.
1. Add 5 cm 3 of a yeast and water mixture to each measuring cylinder.
2. Add different masses of sugar to each measuring cylinder.
3. Mix the contents of each measuring cylinder gently for 5 seconds.
4. Put the measuring cylinders in a water bath at 25 °C
5. Over the next 20 minutes, record the maximum volume the foam reaches in each
measuring cylinder.
Figure 8 shows the student’s results.
Figure 8
-
* 16 *
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17 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 1 Which two variables did the student control in the method? box -4 [2 marks] keep the same Tick ( 9 ) two boxes. Mass of sugar pH of the mixture Temperature Volume of foam Volume of yeast and water Table 3 shows the results. Table 3 Mass of Maximum sugar in g volume in cm 3 0 5 1 23 2 X 3 31 0 4 . 2 What is value X in Table 3 ? Use Figure 8 . [1 mark] -8--3 X = cm 3 Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 17 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

17
Do not write
outside the
0 4 . 1 Which two variables did the student control in the method? box
-4 [2 marks]
keep the same
Tick ( 9 ) two boxes.
Mass of sugar
pH of the mixture
Temperature
Volume of foam
Volume of yeast and water
Table 3 shows the results.
Table 3
Mass of Maximum
sugar in g volume in cm 3
0 5
1 23
2 X
3 31
0 4 . 2 What is value X in Table 3 ?
Use Figure 8 .
[1 mark]
-8--3 X = cm 3
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 17 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

18 Do not write outside the In the investigation, the yeast respires and releases a gas which causes the foam box to rise. MAMA 0 4 . 3 Which gas causes the foam to rise? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. 602 Colt ,z0 61%01-6 t → Coz , ✓ Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen 0 4 . 4 What conclusion can you make about the relationship between the mass of sugar 1 used and the volume of gas produced? [1 mark] The greater the mass of sugar , the greater the volume of foam produced 1- 602 611-20 → + cocoa glucose 0 4 . 5 Why was no foam produced in the mixture with 0 g of sugar? [1 mark] No respiration ( needed respiration occurs sugar is for 0 4 . 6 Why was the measuring cylinder with 0 g of sugar included in the investigation? [1 mark] comparison ( ) control Checks influences - that factor results no other the * 18 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

18
Do not write
outside the
In the investigation, the yeast respires and releases a gas which causes the foam box
to rise.
MAMA
0 4 . 3 Which gas causes the foam to rise?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box. 602 t Colt ,z0 → 61%01-6 Coz
,
Carbon dioxide ✓
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
0 4 . 4 What conclusion can you make about the relationship between the mass of sugar
1
used and the volume of gas produced?
[1 mark]
The greater the mass of sugar
,
the greater the volume of foam
produced
1- 602 → 611-20 + cocoa
glucose
0 4 . 5 Why was no foam produced in the mixture with 0 g of sugar?
[1 mark]
No respiration occurs ( sugar is needed for respiration
0 4 . 6 Why was the measuring cylinder with 0 g of sugar included in the investigation?
[1 mark]
comparison ( control )
- Checks that no other factor influences the results
* 18 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

19 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 7 The top of the mixture can be covered with a layer of oil after step 3 in the method. box Suggest why the layer of oil stops the yeast respiring aerobically. Fth [1 mark] Or Stops the getting through oxygen am 0 4 . 8 What other substance is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ Ethanol Hi Oz 241 ¥ 04 → + Zcoz , Hydrochloric acid ethanol Lactic acid Water 9 ② Turn over for the next question f- Turn over ► * 19 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

19
Do not write
outside the
0 4 . 7 The top of the mixture can be covered with a layer of oil after step 3 in the method. box
Suggest why the layer of oil stops the yeast respiring aerobically.
Fth [1 mark]
Or
Stops the oxygen getting through
am
0 4 . 8 What other substance is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
Ethanol Hi Oz → 241 ¥ 04 + Zcoz
,
Hydrochloric acid ethanol
Lactic acid
Water
9
② Turn over for the next question f-
Turn over ►
* 19 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

Go 20 Do not write outside the 0 5 A man has the following symptoms: box ] • yellow discharge from his penis STD - • pain when urinating. transmitted disease ( sexually 0 5 . 1 The man has a bacterial infection. What is the most likely cause of the man’s symptoms? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. -1 Gonorrhoea HIV immunodeficiency HIV human = V"÷ bacterial not Measles Salmonella poisoning 0 5 . 2 The man took a full course of antibiotics. The man’s symptoms did not improve. Why did the antibiotics not cure the symptoms? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. The bacteria are immune to the antibiotics. = - The bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics. - The man is immune to the antibiotics. The man is resistant to the antibiotics. * 20 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

Go
20
Do not write
outside the
0 5 A man has the following symptoms: box
• yellow discharge from his penis ]
STD
• pain when urinating. - transmitted disease
( sexually
0 5 . 1 The man has a bacterial infection.
What is the most likely cause of the man’s symptoms?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
-1
Gonorrhoea
HIV HIV human immunodeficiency
=
V"÷
not bacterial
Measles
Salmonella poisoning
0 5 . 2 The man took a full course of antibiotics.
The man’s symptoms did not improve.
Why did the antibiotics not cure the symptoms?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
The bacteria are immune to the antibiotics.
=
-
The bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics.
-
The man is immune to the antibiotics.
The man is resistant to the antibiotics.
* 20 *
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21 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 3 Using a condom can stop the bacteria being passed to another person during box sexual intercourse. Suggest a different way the man could avoid passing the bacteria on to someone else. [1 mark] Abstain sexual intercourse from ) ( wash hands after urinating etc --- Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 21 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

21
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 3 Using a condom can stop the bacteria being passed to another person during box
sexual intercourse.
Suggest a different way the man could avoid passing the bacteria on to
someone else.
[1 mark]
Abstain sexual intercourse
from
( wash hands after urinating etc )
--- Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 21 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

22 Do not write outside the A scientist investigated the effect of three different antibiotics on three different types box of bacteria, A , B and C . This is the method used. 1. Grow bacteria A on an agar plate. 2. Put three separate paper discs each containing one of the antibiotics ( 1 , 2 and 3 ) onto the agar plate. 3 . Put the agar plate into an incubator for 48 hours. 4 . Repeat steps 1 –3 for bacteria B and for bacteria C . Figure 9 shows the scientist’s resul ts. Figure 9 * 22 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

22
Do not write
outside the
A scientist investigated the effect of three different antibiotics on three different types box
of bacteria, A , B and C .
This is the method used.
1. Grow bacteria A on an agar plate.
2. Put three separate paper discs each containing one of the antibiotics
( 1 , 2 and 3 ) onto the agar plate.
3 . Put the agar plate into an incubator for 48 hours.
4 . Repeat steps 1 –3 for bacteria B and for bacteria C .
Figure 9 shows the scientist’s resul ts.
Figure 9
* 22 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

23 ••-o-B → q Do not write outside the 0 5 . 4 Compare the effectiveness of the three antibiotics at killing the different types box of bacteria. ÷÷÷ μ B μ pp ÷÷ [6 marks] ¥ tt μ ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ ¥ ÷÷÷÷ • ⑧ " " " " " sequence :* μμ o"* " 8 " " " " " ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ BY - μ 2 the kills C compared more to A but about on or - ! 3 kills A than B C and kills more on on or more . CT 1 kills B than A and ¥ more on on or more on 1 . _-fg_ Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 23 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

23
••-o-B → q
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 4 Compare the effectiveness of the three antibiotics at killing the different types box
of bacteria.
÷÷÷ μ B μ pp ÷÷
¥ tt μ ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ ¥ ÷÷÷÷ [6 marks]
•
⑧
" " " " "
sequence
:*
μμ o"*
"
8 " " " " "
÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ BY
-
μ 2 kills more on C compared to A or but about the
-
!
3 kills more A than B C and kills
on on or more
.
CT
¥ 1 kills more on B than on A or and more on
1
.
_-fg_ Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 23 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

24 Do not write outside the Milk contains bacteria. box A small volume of raw milk was placed in a counting chamber in a special type of microscope slide. Figure 10 shows what the counting chamber looked like when viewed using a microscope. Figure 10 A scientist counted the number of bacteria in four samples of raw milk. Table 4 shows the results. Table 4 Number of bacteria Milk sample in counting chamber E 15 F 12 G 13 H 16 0 5 . 5 Which milk sample is shown in Figure 10 ? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ Sample E ④ Sample F Sample G Sample H ✓ * 24 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

24
Do not write
outside the
Milk contains bacteria. box
A small volume of raw milk was placed in a counting chamber in a special type of
microscope slide.
Figure 10 shows what the counting chamber looked like when viewed using
a microscope.
Figure 10
A scientist counted the number of bacteria in four samples of raw milk.
Table 4 shows the results.
Table 4
Number of bacteria
Milk sample
in counting chamber
E 15
F 12
G 13
H 16
0 5 . 5 Which milk sample is shown in Figure 10 ?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
Sample E
④
Sample F
Sample G
Sample H
✓
* 24 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

25 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 6 Calculate the mean number of bacteria in the four samples in Table 4 . box - ÷:÷÷- [2 marks] ✓ 151-121-131-16=56 - E- 14 = Mean number of bacteria = 14 μ 3 0 5 . 7 Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm of milk in the samples. Complete the following steps. [3 marks] Calculate the total area of the counting chamber in Figure 10 . Square 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.01 = Total area of counting chamber = mm 2 0.01 The depth of the counting chamber is 0.01 mm Calculate the volume of the counting chamber in Figure 10 . Use the equation: 0.01 0.01 volume = area × depth 0-01 × 0.01 0.0001 = Volume of counting chamber = m m 3 0.0001 Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk in the samples. £ Éos Use the equation: mean number of bacteria from Question 05.6 mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk = - volume of counting chamber ( 0.0001 0.0%-01 140,000 = Mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk = 140,000 Turn over ► * 25 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

25
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 6 Calculate the mean number of bacteria in the four samples in Table 4 . box
- ÷:÷÷-
[2 marks]
✓
151-121-131-16=56
E- 14 -
=
Mean number of bacteria = 14
μ
0 5 . 7 Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk in the samples.
Complete the following steps.
[3 marks]
Calculate the total area of the counting chamber in Figure 10 .
Square = 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.01
Total area of counting chamber = 0.01 mm 2
The depth of the counting chamber is 0.01 mm
Calculate the volume of the counting chamber in Figure 10 .
Use the equation: 0.01 0.01
volume = area × depth
0-01 × 0.01 = 0.0001
Volume of counting chamber = m m 3
0.0001
Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk in the samples.
Use the equation: £ Éos
mean number of bacteria from Question 05.6
mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk =
volume of counting chamber -
(
0.0001
0.0%-01
= 140,000
Mean number of bacteria per mm 3 of milk = 140,000
Turn over ►
* 25 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

26 Do not write outside the Milk is heated to reduce the number of bacteria it contains before it is sold for humans box to drink. Milk with more than 20 000 bacteria per cm 3 cannot be sold for humans to drink. Table 5 shows the number of bacteria per cm 3 in four different samples of milk. Table 5 Milk s ample Number of bacteria per cm 3 of milk P 1.8 × 10 4 Q 2.2 × 10 4 R 2.2 × 10 − 5 S 1.8 × 10 3 0 5 . 8 Which of the milk samples could not be sold for humans to drink? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. ✓ P Q R S mama 0 5 . 9 Why should milk sold for humans to drink not contain large numbers of bacteria? [1 mark] 17 / Bacteria / make humans ill release toxins kill can humans * 26 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

26
Do not write
outside the
Milk is heated to reduce the number of bacteria it contains before it is sold for humans box
to drink.
Milk with more than 20 000 bacteria per cm 3 cannot be sold for humans to drink.
Table 5 shows the number of bacteria per cm 3 in four different samples of milk.
Table 5
Milk s ample Number of bacteria per cm 3 of milk
P 1.8 × 10 4
Q 2.2 × 10 4
R 2.2 × 10 − 5
S 1.8 × 10 3
0 5 . 8 Which of the milk samples could not be sold for humans to drink?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
✓
P Q R S
mama
0 5 . 9 Why should milk sold for humans to drink not contain large numbers of bacteria?
[1 mark]
17
Bacteria make humans ill / release toxins / kill
can
humans
* 26 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

27 Do not write outside the 0 6 Figure 11 shows the internal structure of the human heart. box Figure 11 pulmonate valve Qm :* 0 aortic valve ( tricuspid valve 0 6 . 1 Which organ system is the heart a part of? [1 mark] circulatory 0 6 . 2 Draw a ring around one valve on Figure 11 . [1 mark] 0 6 . 3 What is the function of the valves in the heart? [1 mark] prevents the backflow blood of Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 27 * f- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

27
Do not write
outside the
0 6 Figure 11 shows the internal structure of the human heart. box
Figure 11
pulmonate
valve
Qm
:*
0
aortic
valve
( tricuspid
valve
0 6 . 1 Which organ system is the heart a part of?
[1 mark]
circulatory
0 6 . 2 Draw a ring around one valve on Figure 11 .
[1 mark]
0 6 . 3 What is the function of the valves in the heart?
[1 mark]
prevents the backflow blood
of
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 27 *
f- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

28 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 4 Valves are also found inside some blood vessels. box Which type of blood vessel contains valves? [1 mark] veins Sometimes a valve in the heart can begin to leak. A leaking heart valve may be replaced with either: • a mechanical valve • a biological valve from a pig. Table 6 shows information about the replacement valves. Table 6 Mechanical valve Biological valve from a pig Made of plastic or metal Made from living tissue Can cause the blood to clot around No risk of blood clotting around the the valve valve No need for another replacement Sometimes another replacement valve after 5 years valve is needed after 5 years 0 6 . 5 Suggest two reasons why a patient may choose a mechanical valve and not a biological valve from a pig. [2 marks] " 1 longer lasting ( less likely to need replacement after ) five years " 2 ( ) need anti rejection immunosuppressant drugs no for - [ ✓ less risk of rejection ✓ less ethical - concerns - * 28 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

28
Do not write
outside the
0 6 . 4 Valves are also found inside some blood vessels. box
Which type of blood vessel contains valves?
[1 mark]
veins
Sometimes a valve in the heart can begin to leak.
A leaking heart valve may be replaced with either:
• a mechanical valve
• a biological valve from a pig.
Table 6 shows information about the replacement valves.
Table 6
Mechanical valve Biological valve from a pig
Made of plastic or metal Made from living tissue
Can cause the blood to clot around No risk of blood clotting around the
the valve valve
No need for another replacement Sometimes another replacement
valve after 5 years valve is needed after 5 years
0 6 . 5 Suggest two reasons why a patient may choose a mechanical valve
and not a biological valve from a pig.
[2 marks]
1 "
longer lasting ( less likely to need replacement after five years )
"
2 no need anti rejection ( immunosuppressant ) drugs
for -
[
✓
less risk of rejection
✓
- less ethical concerns
-
* 28 *
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29 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 6 Suggest one reason why a patient may choose a biological valve from a pig and not box a mechanical valve. [1 mark] No anti clotting medication needed - 0 6 . 7 A person may develop o ther medical conditions . Draw one line from each medical condition to the correct treatment. [2 marks] Medical condition Treatment ( bacterial Antibiotics infection ✗ High blood cholesterol Artificial pacemaker regulates → heartbeat - Insulin ( Diabetes ) Irregular heart rate lowers Statins → cholesterol blood 9 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 29 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

29
Do not write
outside the
0 6 . 6 Suggest one reason why a patient may choose a biological valve from a pig and not box
a mechanical valve.
[1 mark]
No anti clotting medication needed
-
0 6 . 7 A person may develop o ther medical conditions .
Draw one line from each medical condition to the correct treatment.
[2 marks]
Medical condition Treatment
( bacterial
Antibiotics infection
High blood cholesterol ✗
Artificial pacemaker regulates
→
heartbeat
-
Insulin ( Diabetes )
Irregular heart rate
lowers
Statins → cholesterol
blood 9
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 29 *
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

• 2 ÷ Ifa Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the space s provided. box a. . MM 0 1 Figure 1 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope. Figure 1 MM 0 1 . 1 The cell contains a nucleus. What is the function of the nucleus? [1 mark] , ✓ ✓ controls the activities the cell contains genetic material of MA 0 1 . 2 Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus. [1 mark] red blood cell bacteria / prokaryote xylem cells f thane tr dead cells the because genetic that . needed don't need ⑤ pace is material the free in nucleus cytoplasm a to haemoglobin ( for not ) carry out any membrane bound functions Agg * 02 * -- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

• 2
÷ Ifa
Do not write
Answer all questions in the space s provided. outside the
box
a.
.
MM
0 1 Figure 1 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.
Figure 1
MM
0 1 . 1 The cell contains a nucleus.
What is the function of the nucleus?
[1 mark]
, ✓
✓
controls the activities of the cell contains genetic material
MA
0 1 . 2 Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.
[1 mark]
red blood cell bacteria / prokaryote xylem cells
f
thane tr
dead cells
because the genetic
needed that don't need .
⑤ pace is material free in the
haemoglobin cytoplasm ( a nucleus to
for not
) carry out any
membrane bound
functions
Agg
* 02 *
-- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

3 Do not write oooo outside the 0 1 . 3 Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 1 . box Label two parts of the cell. ) respiration aerobic [2 marks] ( site of / membrane cell - movement controls of and out substances in ) cell of cytoplasm - reactions chemical ( site of ) the cell in ribosome . * protein ( site of ( activities controls of ) synthesis ) the cell mama 0 1 . 4 Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell. [1 mark] permanent cellulose cell wall chloroplast ( vacuole μ Question 1 continues on the next page ^ Turn over ► BAGG * 03 * a- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

3
Do not write
oooo outside the
0 1 . 3 Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 1 . box
Label two parts of the cell. )
respiration
aerobic [2 marks]
( site of
cell membrane /
- movement
controls of
and out
substances in
of cell )
cytoplasm
- chemical reactions
( site of )
the cell
in
ribosome
.
protein *
( site of
( controls activities of
synthesis )
)
the cell
mama
0 1 . 4 Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.
[1 mark]
cellulose cell wall chloroplast ( permanent vacuole
μ
Question 1 continues on the next page
^
Turn over ►
BAGG
* 03 *
a- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

2- 4 Do not write outside the : Figure 2 shows some different cells. box Figure 2 ☒ Length 24mm = MM 0 1 . 5 The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm - Calculate the magnification. Use the equation: size of image m agnification = real size of object [3 marks] 24m £ 2÷gÉ size of image = magnification Real size = 0.06 mm }÷g 400 = ✓ Magnification = × 400 -08 * 04 * - IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

2- 4
Do not write
: Figure 2 shows some different cells. outside the
box
Figure 2
☒
Length = 24mm
MM
0 1 . 5 The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm
-
Calculate the magnification.
Use the equation:
size of image
m agnification =
real size of object
[3 marks]
24m £
2÷gÉ
size of image =
magnification
Real
size = 0.06 mm
}÷g
= 400
✓
Magnification = × 400
-08
* 04 *
-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

Be 5 MA Do not write AAA outside the 0 1 . 6 The cells shown in Figure 2 were viewed using a light microscope. box Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope. ¥ Émf [2 marks] accelerated electrons light electrons shorter wavelength than have a has higher resolving power and higher magnification 1 higher a magnification ( ) allows ' 3D image detects microscope 2 higher resolution / resolving power the that electrons 10 reflect back off of the specimen to-do Turn over for the next question ' Turn over ► e- * 05 * - IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

Be 5
MA
Do not write
AAA outside the
0 1 . 6 The cells shown in Figure 2 were viewed using a light microscope. box
Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.
¥ Émf
[2 marks]
accelerated electrons
electrons have shorter wavelength than light
a
1 has higher resolving power and higher magnification
higher magnification a
( allows ' 3D image )
microscope detects
2 higher resolution / resolving power
the electrons that
reflect back off of 10
the specimen
to-do
Turn over for the next question '
Turn over ►
e-
* 05 *
- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

• 6 B%•• Do not write outside the 0 2 Mosquitoes carry a pathogen that causes malaria. box 0 2 . 1 What type of pathogen causes malaria? [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. A bacterium A fungus ) ✓ protist ( Plasmodium A protist The A virus Mosquito nets can help prevent the spread of malaria. Table 1 shows the results of a study in one area of Africa. Table 1 I Percentage of people with malaria Number of Total people who number of use Who do Who use people in the mosquito NOT use mosquito study nets when mosquito nets when sleeping nets when sleeping sleeping 476 426 1.2 40 - " 1,2640 A newspaper made the following statement: ‘ Study shows mosquito nets are scientifically proven to prevent malaria . ’ Mama 0 2 . 2 Give one piece of evidence that supports the statement. [1 mark] lower percentage people with malaria when mosquito nets of using ⑧ qq * 06 * ← s- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

•
6
B%•• Do not write
outside the
0 2 Mosquitoes carry a pathogen that causes malaria. box
0 2 . 1 What type of pathogen causes malaria?
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
A bacterium
A fungus
)
✓ ( Plasmodium protist
A protist The
A virus
Mosquito nets can help prevent the spread of malaria.
Table 1 shows the results of a study in one area of Africa.
Table 1
I
Percentage of people with
malaria
Number of
Total people who
number of use Who do
Who use
people in the mosquito NOT use
mosquito
study nets when mosquito
nets when
sleeping nets when
sleeping
sleeping
476 426 1.2 40
- "
1,2640
A newspaper made the following statement:
‘ Study shows mosquito nets are scientifically proven to prevent malaria . ’
Mama
0 2 . 2 Give one piece of evidence that supports the statement.
[1 mark]
lower percentage of people with malaria when using mosquito nets
⑧ qq
* 06 *
← s-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

a 7 ABBA Do not write outside the 0 2 . 3 Suggest one reason why the statement may not be valid . box [1 mark] people mosquito have some who nets malaria use Data is from only other information about one area No the people considered is Group sizes is too small Table 2 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in the same area of Africa. Table 2 Number of deaths Year from malaria per 100 000 people 2005 161 2007 136 2009 114 f- g. I 2011 97 2- Predict another 3 2013 94 2 2- - 2015 92 2 92-2=90 Man 0 2 . 4 Predict the number of people per 100 000 who died from malaria in 2017 if the trend stayed the same . [1 mark] allows Ms 88-91 any from Number of people per 100 000 = 90 now 0 2 . 5 Use of mosquito nets has helped to reduce the number of deaths from malaria each year. Suggest one other reason for the reduced number of deaths from malaria each year. [1 mark] Improved healthcare Use mosquito control behaviour methods changing to avoid being of bitten Turn over ► Boggs . = * 07 * G- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

a
7
ABBA Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 3 Suggest one reason why the statement may not be valid . box
[1 mark]
some people who use mosquito nets have malaria
Data is from only one area No other information about the people
is considered
Group sizes is too small
Table 2 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in the same area
of Africa.
Table 2
Number of deaths
Year from malaria
per 100 000 people
2005 161
2007 136
2009 114 f-
g. I
2011 97 2- Predict
another
3
2013 94
2- - 2
2015 92 2
92-2=90
Man
0 2 . 4 Predict the number of people per 100 000 who died from malaria in 2017 if the trend
stayed the same .
[1 mark]
allows
Ms any from 88-91
Number of people per 100 000 = 90
now
0 2 . 5 Use of mosquito nets has helped to reduce the number of deaths from malaria
each year.
Suggest one other reason for the reduced number of deaths from malaria each year.
[1 mark]
Improved healthcare
Use of mosquito control methods changing behaviour to avoid being
bitten
Boggs Turn over ►
= .
* 07 *
G-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

A 8 Do not write MMM outside the 0 2 . 6 Describe how the human body: ÷[÷ ¥ box explained points well • prevents pathogens from entering + points . siren • defends itself against pathogens inside the body. [6 marks] ' sebum ' ( ) Prevention f) entering of ? Fillon pathogens acts barrier Skin the that surface repels - as a ✓ scabs barrier cuts / scabs form over form a tears ? Eyes produce ✓ tears are antiseptic contain to kill bacteria enzymes - , Bireathing ) ✓ system Trachea / / bronchi contain which sticky nose mucus is - T.ie# small hairs lining traps ✓ and bacteria Mucus carried by air is passages away . ( against Defends inside blood White cells / ✓ pathogens system - immune ) body ✓ Antitoxins produced and neutralise toxins produced by pathogen - are ✓ Antibodies produced and help destroy ✓ pathogens - ✓ Memory cells ✓ and trigger rapid re-enters form pathogen more response if - 11 BAG * 08 * A- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

A 8
MMM Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 6 Describe how the human body: ÷[÷ ¥ box
well explained points
• prevents pathogens from entering
. + points siren
• defends itself against pathogens inside the body.
[6 marks]
( ) ' sebum '
Prevention entering f)
of
? Fillon pathogens
Skin acts barrier the surface that repels
- as a
✓
scabs form over cuts / scabs form a barrier
tears ?
Eyes produce tears are antiseptic contain to kill bacteria ✓
- , enzymes
Bireathing ) ✓
system Trachea / / bronchi contain which sticky
- nose mucus is
T.ie# small hairs lining
and traps bacteria ✓ Mucus is carried by air passages
away
( Defends against .
pathogens inside White blood cells / system ✓
- immune
body )
✓
Antitoxins produced and neutralise toxins produced by pathogen
- are
✓
Antibodies produced and help destroy pathogens ✓
-
Memory cells ✓ and trigger rapid re-enters ✓
- form more response if pathogen
11
BAG
* 08 *
A-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

• 10 Do not write Hmm outside the 0 3 This question is about photosynthesis. box 0 3 . 1 Complete the word equation for photosynthesis: [2 marks] + + oxygen carbon dioxide water glucose A student investigated photosynthesis using pondweed. Figure 3 shows the apparatus the student used. Figure 3 -- ← This is the method used. 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3 . 2. Switch on the lamp. 3. After 20 minutes, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder. 4. Repeat steps 1 – 3 using bulbs of different power output. Afg * 10 * -_- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

• 10
Do not write
Hmm outside the
0 3 This question is about photosynthesis. box
0 3 . 1 Complete the word equation for photosynthesis:
[2 marks]
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
A student investigated photosynthesis using pondweed.
Figure 3 shows the apparatus the student used.
Figure 3
-- ←
This is the method used.
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3 .
2. Switch on the lamp.
3. After 20 minutes, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder.
4. Repeat steps 1 – 3 using bulbs of different power output.
Afg
* 10 * -_-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

• 11 Do not write BARON outside the 0 3 . 2 What wa s the independent variable in the investigation? MMM box → [1 mark] N Thevar able change ' you Tick ( 9 ) one box. . ✓ • Power output of bulb N Rate of photosynthesis : Time to collect oxygen Volume of oxygen collected BAA • 0 3 . 3 . Suggest two ways the method could be improved so the results would be more valid. [2 marks] 8 1 Do repeats calculate and the mean - p - p 2 control the water temperature a- • - Control the distance between the bulb and pondweed - / / / pondweed Control the length species - mass the age of off Question 3 continues on the next page equilibrate Give pondweed time to to - get used the conditions → MBA Turn over ► * 11 * -3 IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

•
11
Do not write
BARON outside the
0 3 . 2 What wa s the independent variable in the investigation? MMM box
→
N [1 mark]
Thevar ' able you change
Tick ( 9 ) one box. .
✓
• Power output of bulb
N Rate of photosynthesis
:
Time to collect oxygen
Volume of oxygen collected
BAA
•
0 3 . 3 . Suggest two ways the method could be improved so the results would be more valid.
[2 marks]
8 1 Do repeats and calculate the
mean -
p -
p 2 control the water temperature
a-
• -
- Control the distance between the bulb and pondweed
- Control the mass / length / species / age of the pondweed
off
Question 3 continues on the next page
- Give pondweed time to equilibrate get used to the conditions
→
MBA Turn over ►
* 11 *
-3
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

As 12 Do not write outside the μ Table 3 shows the student’s results. box Table 3 Power output of bulb Volume of oxygen Rate of in watts collected in photosynthesis in 20 minutes in cm 3 cm 3 /hour 60 0.5 1.5 100 0.8 2.4 150 1.1 30.3 X ✗ = 200 1.2 3.6 250 1.2 3.6 BRAG ' 0 3 . 4 Calculate value X in Table 3 . • [1 mark] μ 1. 1cm ' photosynthesis = 20 mins of 60 :- 20--3 3=3.3 3.3 ¥ 60 photosynthesis ✗ mins of X = 3.3 cm 3 /hour Osages BABA * 12 * E- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

As
12
Do not write
outside the
μ Table 3 shows the student’s results. box
Table 3
Power output of bulb Volume of oxygen Rate of
in watts collected in photosynthesis in
20 minutes in cm 3 cm 3 /hour
60 0.5 1.5
100 0.8 2.4
150 1.1 ✗ 30.3 X
=
200 1.2 3.6
250 1.2 3.6
BRAG
0 3 . 4 Calculate value X in Table 3 ' .
• [1 mark]
μ
1. 1cm ' = 20 mins of photosynthesis 60 :- 20--3
✗ 3=3.3 3.3 ¥ 60 photosynthesis
mins of
X = 3.3 cm 3 /hour
Osages
BABA
* 12 *
E-
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

13 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 5 Complete Figure 4 . box - [4 marks] TIBIAE You should: • label the x - axis • use a suitable scale • plot the data from Table 3 and your answer to Question 03.4 • draw a line of best fit . 111 1 . Figure 4 . = Tables Power output Volume of oxygen Rate of collected photosynthesis 20 minutes cnilhour "i÷ ¥ Independent variable - on x-axis dependent .am - .mx . ta l - hood lo 's ooowerwitoo doo Iso BB÷M0hf is MY 0 3 . 6 Determine the expected rate of photosynthesis with a bulb of power output 75 watts. - Use Figure 4 . [1 mark] ( ) MS allows 1.811.9 Rate of photosynthesis at 75 watts = 1,9 cm 3 /hour Turn over ► Egg * 13 * -8 IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

13
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 5 Complete Figure 4 . box
- [4 marks]
TIBIAE
You should:
• label the x - axis
• use a suitable scale
• plot the data from Table 3 and your answer to Question 03.4
• draw a line of best fit .
111
1 .
Figure 4
.
=
Tables
Power output Volume of oxygen Rate of
collected photosynthesis
20 minutes cnilhour
"i÷ ¥
Independent variable
- on
x-axis
- dependent .am .mx .
ta
- l
hood
lo 's ooowerwitoo doo Iso
BB÷M0hf
is
MY
0 3 . 6 Determine the expected rate of photosynthesis with a bulb of power output 75 watts.
-
Use Figure 4 .
[1 mark]
( MS allows 1.811.9 )
Rate of photosynthesis at 75 watts = 1,9 cm 3 /hour
Turn over ►
Egg
* 13 *
-8
IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

be 14 Do not write Hanna outside the 0 3 . 7 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? box [1 mark] Tick ( 9 ) one box. temperature As the rate increases photosynthesis of until the increases temperature high is so ✓ \ that it damaging is to the plant I 12 1 Ago * 14 * a- IB/M/Jun19/8461/1H

be
14
Hanna Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 7 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? box
[1 mark]
Tick ( 9 ) one box.
As temperature
increases the rate
photosynthesis
of
until the
increases
temperature is so high
✓ \
that it is damaging
to the plant
I
12
1
Ago
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43 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 43 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

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Do not write
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There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
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44 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third - party copyright material will be published in a separate booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright - holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright © 2019 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. * 196g8461/1F * * 44 * IB/M/Jun19/8461/1F

44
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third - party copyright material will be published in a
separate booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is
available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series.
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright - holders may have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House,
Guildford, GU2 7XJ.
Copyright © 2019 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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June 2019 MA