PMT Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. H GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 1 H Friday 10 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For Examiner’s Use For this paper you must have: • a ruler Question Mark • a scientific calculator. 1 Instructions 2 • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3 • Pencil should only be used for drawing. 4 • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 5 • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6 this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7 • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 8 to be marked. • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. TOTAL Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. * JUN2484611h01 * 8461/1H IB/M/Jun24/E16

PMT
Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
H
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Higher Tier Paper 1 H
Friday 10 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1
Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Pencil should only be used for drawing.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
5
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
8
to be marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. TOTAL
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.
* JUN2484611h01 * 8461/1H
IB/M/Jun24/E16

PMT 2 Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 A person has coronary heart disease. 0 1 . 1 Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Arteries Capillaries Veins A person’s heart stops beating. The person stops breathing. A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest. Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart. 0 1 . 2 Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person. [ 2 mark s ] * 02 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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2
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
0 1 A person has coronary heart disease.
0 1 . 1 Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
A person’s heart stops beating.
The person stops breathing.
A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest.
Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart.
0 1 . 2 Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person.
[ 2 mark s ]
* 02 *
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PMT 3 Do not write outside the 0 1 . 3 The first-aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth. box Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person. [ 1 mark] 0 1 . 4 The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing. The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood. Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the person’s blood. [ 1 mark] 0 1 . 5 A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted. Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease. [ 2 mark s ] Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 03 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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0 1 . 3 The first-aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth. box
Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person.
[ 1 mark]
0 1 . 4 The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing.
The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood.
Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the
person’s blood.
[ 1 mark]
0 1 . 5 A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted.
Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease.
[ 2 mark s ]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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* 03 *
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PMT 4 Do not write outside the Table 1 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different box cardiovascular diseases. Table 1 Percentage (%) increase in risk Cardiovascular compared to people who have disease never smoked E 14 F 20 G 29 H 70 0 1 . 6 Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 1 . [ 2 mark s ] 1 2 0 1 . 7 Complete Figure 1 . You should: • label the y-axis • add the correct scale to the y-axis • plot the data from Table 1 • label each bar. The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you. [4 marks] * 04 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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4
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Table 1 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different box
cardiovascular diseases.
Table 1
Percentage (%) increase in risk
Cardiovascular
compared to people who have
disease
never smoked
E 14
F 20
G 29
H 70
0 1 . 6 Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 1 .
[ 2 mark s ]
1
2
0 1 . 7 Complete Figure 1 .
You should:
• label the y-axis
• add the correct scale to the y-axis
• plot the data from Table 1
• label each bar.
The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you.
[4 marks]
* 04 *
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PMT 5 Do not write outside the Figure 1 box 0 1 . 8 Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Do not refer to smoking in your answer. [ 1 mark] 14 Turn over ► * 05 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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5
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Figure 1 box
0 1 . 8 Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Do not refer to smoking in your answer.
[ 1 mark]
14
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PMT 6 Do not write outside the 0 2 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene. box 0 2 . 1 Where in a cell would the CF gene be found? [ 1 mark] * 06 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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6
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0 2 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene. box
0 2 . 1 Where in a cell would the CF gene be found?
[ 1 mark]
* 06 *
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PMT 7 Do not write outside the CF affects many organs in the body. box The main organs affected are: • the lungs • the pancreas • the small intestine. 0 2 . 2 Figure 2 shows organs of the human body. Figure 2 Which letters in Figure 2 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A , D and E A , E and F B , C and D B , C and F Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 07 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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7
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CF affects many organs in the body. box
The main organs affected are:
• the lungs
• the pancreas
• the small intestine.
0 2 . 2 Figure 2 shows organs of the human body.
Figure 2
Which letters in Figure 2 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A , D and E
A , E and F
B , C and D
B , C and F
Question 2 continues on the next page
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PMT 8 Do not write outside the 0 2 . 3 The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes. box CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine. Explain why a person with CF has: • difficulty digesting food • difficulty gaining body mass. [6 marks] * 08 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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8
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0 2 . 3 The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes. box
CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine.
Explain why a person with CF has:
• difficulty digesting food
• difficulty gaining body mass.
[6 marks]
* 08 *
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PMT 9 Do not write outside the 0 2 . 4 Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs. box Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange. [3 marks] 1 2 3 0 2 . 5 CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli. Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the human body. [3 marks] 14 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 09 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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9
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0 2 . 4 Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs. box
Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange.
[3 marks]
1
2
3
0 2 . 5 CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli.
Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the
human body.
[3 marks]
14
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 09 *
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PMT 10 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 10 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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10
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There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
* 10 *
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PMT 11 Do not write outside the 0 3 Cake and bread each contain the same two types of carbohydrate. box 0 3 . 1 Describe the chemical tests that could be used to show the presence of the two types of carbohydrate in cake. Include a risk assessment in your answer. [ 6 mark s ] Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 11 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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11
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0 3 Cake and bread each contain the same two types of carbohydrate. box
0 3 . 1 Describe the chemical tests that could be used to show the presence of the two types
of carbohydrate in cake.
Include a risk assessment in your answer.
[ 6 mark s ]
Question 3 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 11 *
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PMT 12 Do not write outside the A student investigated three types of bread. box For each type of bread, the student: • put a square piece of bread into their mouth • did not chew the bread • recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Time taken for bread to Type of bread taste sweet in seconds Brown 43 White 35 Wholemeal 57 0 3 . 2 What was the dependent variable in the investigation? [1 mark] 0 3 . 3 Give one control variable the student should have used in the investigation. [1 mark] * 12 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
12
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outside the
A student investigated three types of bread. box
For each type of bread, the student:
• put a square piece of bread into their mouth
• did not chew the bread
• recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet.
Table 2 shows the results.
Table 2
Time taken for bread to
Type of bread
taste sweet in seconds
Brown 43
White 35
Wholemeal 57
0 3 . 2 What was the dependent variable in the investigation?
[1 mark]
0 3 . 3 Give one control variable the student should have used in the investigation.
[1 mark]
* 12 *
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PMT 13 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 4 During the investigation, the bread began to taste sweet in the student’s mouth. box Explain why the bread tasted sweet. [3 marks] 0 3 . 5 Suggest one reason why the results of the investigation were not valid. Do not refer to control variables in your answer. [1 mark] 12 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 13 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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13
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0 3 . 4 During the investigation, the bread began to taste sweet in the student’s mouth. box
Explain why the bread tasted sweet.
[3 marks]
0 3 . 5 Suggest one reason why the results of the investigation were not valid.
Do not refer to control variables in your answer.
[1 mark]
12
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 13 *
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PMT 14 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 14 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
14
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
* 14 *
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PMT 15 Do not write outside the 0 4 Plants contain many different tissues. box 0 4 . 1 Complete the sentences. [3 marks] The leaf tissue that contains the most chloroplasts is the . The leaf tissue that contains many air spaces is the . The plant tissue that can differentiate throughout the life of the plant is the . 0 4 . 2 Xylem tissue transports water through a plant. The walls of xylem cells contain cellulose. Name one other substance that strengthens xylem tissue. [1 mark] 0 4 . 3 Phloem tissue transports dissolved sugars around a plant. Name the process that transports dissolved sugars around a plant. [1 mark] Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 15 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
15
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0 4 Plants contain many different tissues. box
0 4 . 1 Complete the sentences.
[3 marks]
The leaf tissue that contains the most chloroplasts is
the .
The leaf tissue that contains many air spaces is
the .
The plant tissue that can differentiate throughout the life of the plant is
the .
0 4 . 2 Xylem tissue transports water through a plant.
The walls of xylem cells contain cellulose.
Name one other substance that strengthens xylem tissue.
[1 mark]
0 4 . 3 Phloem tissue transports dissolved sugars around a plant.
Name the process that transports dissolved sugars around a plant.
[1 mark]
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 15 *
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PMT 16 Do not write outside the Figure 3 shows two plant cells. box Figure 3 Figure 3 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions. It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the following publication: Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J Cronshaw 0 4 . 4 Name part Y in Figure 3 . [1 mark] * 16 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
16
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Figure 3 shows two plant cells. box
Figure 3
Figure 3 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.
It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the
following publication:
Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum
and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J
Cronshaw
0 4 . 4 Name part Y in Figure 3 .
[1 mark]
* 16 *
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PMT 17 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 5 The phloem tissue transports sugars to other parts of the plant. box The concentration of dissolved sugars in the phloem cell in Figure 3 is higher than in cell X . Explain how sub-cellular structures help to move dissolved sugars from cell X into the phloem cell. [5 marks] 0 4 . 6 New phloem cells form when unspecialised plant cells differentiate and become specialised. Describe one change in structure that occurs when an unspecialised cell differentiates to form a phloem cell. Use Figure 3 . [1 mark] 12 Turn over ► * 17 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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17
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0 4 . 5 The phloem tissue transports sugars to other parts of the plant. box
The concentration of dissolved sugars in the phloem cell in Figure 3 is higher than
in cell X .
Explain how sub-cellular structures help to move dissolved sugars from cell X into the
phloem cell.
[5 marks]
0 4 . 6 New phloem cells form when unspecialised plant cells differentiate and
become specialised.
Describe one change in structure that occurs when an unspecialised cell differentiates
to form a phloem cell.
Use Figure 3 .
[1 mark]
12
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* 17 *
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PMT 18 Do not write outside the 0 5 A student investigated the effect of concentration of salt solution on the mass of box uncooked potato pieces. Figure 4 shows the results. Figure 4 0 5 . 1 Plan a method that could be used to obtain the results in Figure 4 . [6 marks] * 18 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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18
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0 5 A student investigated the effect of concentration of salt solution on the mass of box
uncooked potato pieces.
Figure 4 shows the results.
Figure 4
0 5 . 1 Plan a method that could be used to obtain the results in Figure 4 .
[6 marks]
* 18 *
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PMT 19 Do not write outside the box 0 5 . 2 Explain the result for the potato pieces in the 0.6 mol/dm 3 salt concentration. [3 marks] 0 5 . 3 Explain why the result for the potato pieces at 1.0 mol/dm 3 was different from the result at 0.6 mol/dm 3 . [2 marks] 11 Turn over ► * 19 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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19
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box
0 5 . 2 Explain the result for the potato pieces in the 0.6 mol/dm 3 salt concentration.
[3 marks]
0 5 . 3 Explain why the result for the potato pieces at 1.0 mol/dm 3 was different from the
result at 0.6 mol/dm 3 .
[2 marks]
11
Turn over ►
* 19 *
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PMT 20 Do not write outside the 0 6 This question is about pathogens. box A scientist investigated antibiotic resistance in bacteria. 0 6 . 1 Name one antibiotic. [1 mark] The scientist grew one type of bacterium on agar in a Petri dish. The scientist placed paper discs each containing a different antibiotic on the agar. Figure 5 shows the appearance of the Petri dish after 2 days. Figure 5 * 20 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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20
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0 6 This question is about pathogens. box
A scientist investigated antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
0 6 . 1 Name one antibiotic.
[1 mark]
The scientist grew one type of bacterium on agar in a Petri dish.
The scientist placed paper discs each containing a different antibiotic on the agar.
Figure 5 shows the appearance of the Petri dish after 2 days.
Figure 5
* 20 *
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PMT 21 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 2 A student said: box ‘The bacterium is resistant to antibiotic C .’ Explain how the results in Figure 5 show that the student is not correct. [2 marks] 0 6 . 3 Suggest why doctors are concerned about antibiotic resistance. [2 marks] Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 21 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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21
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0 6 . 2 A student said: box
‘The bacterium is resistant to antibiotic C .’
Explain how the results in Figure 5 show that the student is not correct.
[2 marks]
0 6 . 3 Suggest why doctors are concerned about antibiotic resistance.
[2 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 21 *
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PMT 22 Do not write outside the Diseases caused by viruses cannot be treated using antibiotics. box 0 6 . 4 Suggest why viruses cannot be grown on agar. [1 mark] 0 6 . 5 Why is it difficult for scientists to develop drugs to destroy viruses? [1 mark] 0 6 . 6 Which disease is caused by a virus that damages white blood cells? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. AIDS Gonorrhoea Measles Salmonella 8 * 22 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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22
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Diseases caused by viruses cannot be treated using antibiotics. box
0 6 . 4 Suggest why viruses cannot be grown on agar.
[1 mark]
0 6 . 5 Why is it difficult for scientists to develop drugs to destroy viruses?
[1 mark]
0 6 . 6 Which disease is caused by a virus that damages white blood cells?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
AIDS
Gonorrhoea
Measles
Salmonella 8
* 22 *
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PMT 23 Do not write outside the 0 7 A student investigated the effect of different factors on photosynthesis. box The student used three leaves growing on the same plant. Each leaf was treated in a different way. After 48 hours the student tested each leaf for starch. Table 3 shows the results. Table 3 Leaf tested Treatment Result after 48 hours Upper and lower surfaces covered 1 No starch present with black paper Upper and lower surfaces covered 2 No starch present and sealed with transparent plastic 3 Not covered Starch present 0 7 . 1 Explain the results for the three leaves. [5 marks] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 23 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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23
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0 7 A student investigated the effect of different factors on photosynthesis. box
The student used three leaves growing on the same plant.
Each leaf was treated in a different way.
After 48 hours the student tested each leaf for starch.
Table 3 shows the results.
Table 3
Leaf tested Treatment Result after 48 hours
Upper and lower surfaces covered
1 No starch present
with black paper
Upper and lower surfaces covered
2 No starch present
and sealed with transparent plastic
3 Not covered Starch present
0 7 . 1 Explain the results for the three leaves.
[5 marks]
Question 7 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 23 *
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PMT 24 Do not write outside the In another investigation the student used a different type of plant. box The plant was left uncovered in the light for 48 hours. After 48 hours the student tested a leaf from the plant for starch. Figure 6 shows the leaf before it was tested for starch. Figure 6 0 7 . 2 Complete Table 4 to show the results you would expect for the starch test on the leaf in Figure 6 . [ 1 mark] Table 4 Part of leaf Result after 48 hours tested Green White 0 7 . 3 Explain the results you gave in Question 07.2 . [ 2 marks] * 24 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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24
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In another investigation the student used a different type of plant. box
The plant was left uncovered in the light for 48 hours.
After 48 hours the student tested a leaf from the plant for starch.
Figure 6 shows the leaf before it was tested for starch.
Figure 6
0 7 . 2 Complete Table 4 to show the results you would expect for the starch test on the leaf
in Figure 6 .
[ 1 mark]
Table 4
Part of leaf
Result after 48 hours
tested
Green
White
0 7 . 3 Explain the results you gave in Question 07.2 .
[ 2 marks]
* 24 *
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PMT 25 Do not write outside the In some leaves, the green parts become yellow because of an ion deficiency. box 0 7 . 4 Which ion is deficient in a plant with yellow leaves? [ 1 mark] 0 7 . 5 Give the scientific term that describes the yellow colour of the leaves. [ 1 mark] 0 7 . 6 The rate of photosynthesis is affected by different factors. How could the oxygen produced during photosynthesis be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis? [ 1 mark] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 25 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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25
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In some leaves, the green parts become yellow because of an ion deficiency. box
0 7 . 4 Which ion is deficient in a plant with yellow leaves?
[ 1 mark]
0 7 . 5 Give the scientific term that describes the yellow colour of the leaves.
[ 1 mark]
0 7 . 6 The rate of photosynthesis is affected by different factors.
How could the oxygen produced during photosynthesis be used to measure
the rate of photosynthesis?
[ 1 mark]
Question 7 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 25 *
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PMT 26 Do not write outside the Light, carbon dioxide and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis. box Figure 7 shows how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by light, carbon dioxide and temperature. Figure 7 0 7 . 7 At point A on Figure 7 , light is a limiting factor. What is meant by a ‘limiting factor’? [ 1 mark] * 26 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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26
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Light, carbon dioxide and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis. box
Figure 7 shows how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by light, carbon dioxide
and temperature.
Figure 7
0 7 . 7 At point A on Figure 7 , light is a limiting factor.
What is meant by a ‘limiting factor’?
[ 1 mark]
* 26 *
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PMT 27 Do not write outside the 0 7 . 8 Explain the effect of increasing temperature and increasing carbon dioxide box concentration on the rate of photosynthesis shown in Figure 7 . [ 4 mark s ] 0 7 . 9 Photosynthesis investigations often use a light source. The spreading out of light from a source obeys the inverse square law. The inverse square law links light intensity to distance from the light source. Which of the following shows the inverse square law? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. 1 light intensity ∝ 2 distance 2 light intensity ∝ distance 1 2 ∝ distance ( light intensity ) 2 1 1 ∝ 17 ( light intensity ) 2 2 distance Turn over ► * 27 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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27
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0 7 . 8 Explain the effect of increasing temperature and increasing carbon dioxide box
concentration on the rate of photosynthesis shown in Figure 7 .
[ 4 mark s ]
0 7 . 9 Photosynthesis investigations often use a light source.
The spreading out of light from a source obeys the inverse square law.
The inverse square law links light intensity to distance from the light source.
Which of the following shows the inverse square law?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
1
light intensity ∝
distance 2
light intensity ∝ distance 2
1
∝ distance 2
( light intensity ) 2
1 1
∝ 17
( light intensity ) 2 distance 2
Turn over ►
* 27 *
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PMT 28 Do not write outside the 0 8 Cancer is caused by changes in cells that result in uncontrolled cell division. box 0 8 . 1 Before a cell begins to divide, its DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. Describe one other change that occurs in a cell before the cell begins to divide. [ 1 mark] Figure 8 shows a cell during one of the stages of cell division. Figure 8 0 8 . 2 Name structure Z in Figure 8 . [1 mark] * 28 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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28
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0 8 Cancer is caused by changes in cells that result in uncontrolled cell division. box
0 8 . 1 Before a cell begins to divide, its DNA replicates to form two copies of
each chromosome.
Describe one other change that occurs in a cell before the cell begins to divide.
[ 1 mark]
Figure 8 shows a cell during one of the stages of cell division.
Figure 8
0 8 . 2 Name structure Z in Figure 8 .
[1 mark]
* 28 *
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PMT 29 Do not write outside the 0 8 . 3 Structure Y in Figure 8 is a cylinder. box For structure Y : • real volume = 24 500 000 nm 3 • real radius = 125 nm. The length of a cylinder is calculated using the equation: volume length = π 2 × radius The length of the image of structure Y in Figure 8 is 4 mm. Calculate the magnification of structure Y in Figure 8 . Use π = 3.14 [6 marks] Magnification = × Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 29 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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29
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0 8 . 3 Structure Y in Figure 8 is a cylinder. box
For structure Y :
• real volume = 24 500 000 nm 3
• real radius = 125 nm.
The length of a cylinder is calculated using the equation:
volume
length =
π × radius 2
The length of the image of structure Y in Figure 8 is 4 mm.
Calculate the magnification of structure Y in Figure 8 .
Use π = 3.14
[6 marks]
Magnification = ×
Question 8 continues on the next page
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* 29 *
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PMT 30 Do not write outside the Figure 9 shows some of the stages of cell division. box Figure 9 Some cancer drugs prevent cell division. Drug X prevents the fibres from attaching to the replicated chromosomes in stage 1 . 0 8 . 4 Explain why a cell cannot complete division when affected by drug X . [ 2 mark s ] * 30 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
30
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Figure 9 shows some of the stages of cell division. box
Figure 9
Some cancer drugs prevent cell division.
Drug X prevents the fibres from attaching to the replicated chromosomes in stage 1 .
0 8 . 4 Explain why a cell cannot complete division when affected by drug X .
[ 2 mark s ]
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PMT 31 Do not write outside the 0 8 . 5 Give the reason why a drug that stops cell division helps to treat cancer. box [ 1 mark] 0 8 . 6 New cancer drugs are tested in clinical trials. Preclinical testing happens before clinical trials. What is involved in preclinical testing of drugs? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Testing the drugs for side effects Testing the drugs on live tissues in a laboratory Testing the drugs to find the optimum dose Testing the drugs with chemicals in a laboratory 12 END OF QUESTIONS * 31 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
31
Do not write
outside the
0 8 . 5 Give the reason why a drug that stops cell division helps to treat cancer. box
[ 1 mark]
0 8 . 6 New cancer drugs are tested in clinical trials.
Preclinical testing happens before clinical trials.
What is involved in preclinical testing of drugs?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Testing the drugs for side effects
Testing the drugs on live tissues in a laboratory
Testing the drugs to find the optimum dose
Testing the drugs with chemicals in a laboratory 12
END OF QUESTIONS
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PMT 32 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 32 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
32
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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PMT 33 Do not write outside the box Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. * 33 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
33
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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PMT 34 Do not write outside the box Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. * 34 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
34
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outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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PMT 35 Do not write outside the box Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. * 35 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
35
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
* 35 *
IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT 36 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. * 246G8461/1H * * 36 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

PMT
36
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each
live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk.
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
* 246G8461/1H *
* 36 *
IB/M/Jun24/8461/1H

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June 2024 QP