PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com SPECIMEN MATERIAL H GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 1H Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a calculator. Instructions • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • There are 100 marks available on this paper. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. • When answering questions 02.4, 03.2, and 10 you need to make sure that your answer: ‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured ‒ fully meets the requirements of the question ‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Please write clearly, in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature

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SPECIMEN MATERIAL
H
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Higher Tier Paper 1H
Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
• a calculator.
Instructions
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information
• There are 100 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
• When answering questions 02.4, 03.2, and 10 you need to make sure that your answer:
‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured
‒ fully meets the requirements of the question
‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.
Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Please write clearly, in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 2 There are no questions printed on this page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 3 0 1 Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves. 0 1 . 1 Plants move mineral ions: • from a low concentration in the soil • to a high concentration in the root cells. What process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells? [ 1 mark ] Tick one box. ✓ A ctive transport D iffusion E vaporation O smosis 0 1 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves . [ 2 mark s ] / by . ✓ transpiration stream the the xylem in In-n- Question 1 continues on the next page . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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3
0 1 Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.
0 1 . 1 Plants move mineral ions:
• from a low concentration in the soil
• to a high concentration in the root cells.
What process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells?
[ 1 mark ]
Tick one box.
A ctive transport ✓
D iffusion
E vaporation
O smosis
0 1 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves .
[ 2 mark s ]
/
by transpiration stream the . ✓
the in xylem
In-n-
Question 1 continues on the next page
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 4 Plants lose water through the stomata in the leaves. The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf. The stomata can be seen using a light microscope. Table 1 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf. Table 1 Number of stomata 1,10 0 3,5 Leaf . , area Upper surface Lower surface 44+41-140-142 -139 n÷ 1 3 44 206 = 2 0 41 5 ¥ 3rd 3 1 40 2 ¥ = 4 = 4 5 42 5 1 39 Mean 2 X - 0 1 . 3 Describe how the student might have collect ed the data in Table 1 . [3 marks] ! epidermis slide Count Mount stomata on ✓ ! Repeat Calculate in 4 one is area more areas . ! mean repeat method other bag side + y on SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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4
Plants lose water through the stomata in the leaves.
The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf.
The stomata can be seen using a light microscope.
Table 1 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf.
Table 1
1,10 Number of stomata
0 3,5 Leaf
. , area
Upper surface Lower surface
44+41-140-142 -139
n÷
1 3 44
206
=
2 0 41
5 ¥ 3rd
3 1 40
2 ¥
= 4
=
4 5 42
5 1 39
Mean 2 X
-
0 1 . 3 Describe how the student might have collect ed the data in Table 1 .
! [3 marks]
Mount epidermis slide Count stomata
on
✓ !
in one area Repeat is 4 more areas Calculate
.
!
mean
repeat method other side bag
+ on y
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 5 0 1 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf? [ 1 mark ] 1 0 1 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 1 . Give your answer to 2 significant figures. [2 marks] ✓ 2 206 ÷ 5 4 1 = . ✓ 4 I Mean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf = 0 1 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface of the leaf. Explain why this is an advantage to the plant. ! [ 2 marks] ! water Less lost so d- does not wilt - Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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5
0 1 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf?
[ 1 mark ]
1
0 1 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 1 .
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[2 marks]
2 ✓
206 ÷ 5 4 1
=
.
✓
4 I
Mean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf =
0 1 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface
of the leaf.
Explain why this is an advantage to the plant.
! [ 2 marks]
!
Less water lost
so d- does not wilt
-
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 6 0 2 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants . Figure 1 shows a leaf infected with TMV. Figure 1 0 2 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected with TMV. Suggest why. [1 mark] kill to virus . spreading to prevent or virus . 0 2 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV - resistant gene. Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the TMV-resistant gene. [ 1 mark ] stem cells Take meristem from R Tissue Culture 0 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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6
0 2 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants .
Figure 1 shows a leaf infected with TMV.
Figure 1
0 2 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected
with TMV.
Suggest why.
[1 mark]
to kill
virus
.
to prevent spreading
or virus
.
0 2 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV - resistant gene.
Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the
TMV-resistant gene.
[ 1 mark ]
stem cells
Take from meristem
0 R Tissue Culture
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com - ¥→¥ % 7 0 2 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose. . Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit. [ 2 marks] Grind mortar liquid fruit pestle to create and in a bath Add Bennebits water reagent heat and in . a ¥ 8 bluet Ig glucose it will turn from present is pimpled 0 2 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll. This causes leaf discoloration. Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth. [ 4 marks] herjhotosynthes.rs chlorophyll since occurs less glucose produced required So for it is . . respiration , bluenoses used in less so energy . is feared growth for . US to make proteins Sime less OR required . glucose proteins produced whit fever , . growth one enential for . Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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- ¥→¥ %
7
0 2 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose.
.
Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit.
[ 2 marks]
Grind fruit pestle and mortar to create liquid
in a
bath
Add Bennebits reagent heat water
. and in a
¥ 8 bluet
Ig glucose present it will turn from
is
pimpled
0 2 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll.
This causes leaf discoloration.
Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth.
[ 4 marks]
herjhotosynthes.rs chlorophyll
since
occurs
required So less glucose produced
for it is
.
.
respiration ,
bluenoses
used in less
so energy
.
is feared growth
for
.
OR US required to make proteins Sime less
.
glucose fever proteins produced whit
, .
growth
one enential for
.
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 8 0 3 Microorganisms cause infections. The human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms. 0 3 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms. [ 2 marks] Acid stomach pathogens kills in good in 1 for protective skin barrier produces forms 2 a antimicrobial secretions Trachea has which traps pathogens / bromhi + mucus have lilies which wast to mouth to be swallowed minus . hairs nostrils trap pathogens 1- in SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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8
0 3 Microorganisms cause infections.
The human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms.
0 3 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms.
[ 2 marks]
Acid in stomach kills pathogens good
1 in
for
skin forms protective barrier produces
2 a
antimicrobial secretions
Trachea has which traps pathogens / bromhi
+ mucus
have lilies which wast to mouth to be swallowed
minus
.
hairs nostrils trap pathogens
1- in
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 9 0 3 . 2 I n 2014 the Ebola virus killed almost 8 000 people in Africa. Drug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola. I dangerous assume Explain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people. [ 6 marks] long out preclinical trials to test efficacy dose Include for , : tonicity clinical volunteers what and Then do trials healthy we one > on . testing low monitor safety Following for at doses to this ten . how to optimum i. for dosage and efficacy Do this in the out carry . , double blind placebo tests Jonny trial using huh a a , justification that There contains active drug should be random - no . this method allocation og patients neither to each . of and group , patients doctors should know who which is in nor i completed data should be ome reviewed peer , to help dairy false prevent . Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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9
0 3 . 2 I n 2014 the Ebola virus killed almost 8 000 people in Africa.
Drug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola.
I
dangerous
assume
Explain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people.
[ 6 marks]
long out preclinical trials to test efficacy dose
Include for
: ,
tonicity clinical volunteers
what and Then do trials healthy
> we one . on
testing low monitor safety Following
for at doses to this ten
.
how to optimum
i. for dosage and efficacy Do this in the
out
carry , .
tests Jonny double blind trial using placebo
huh a , a
justification that contains active drug There should be random
- no
.
og this method allocation patients to each neither
. of group and
,
patients doctors
should know who is in which
nor
i
completed data
ome should be reviewed
peer
,
to help prevent false dairy
.
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com too 10 There are no questions printed on this page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 11 0 4 All living cells respire. 0 4 . 1 Respiration transfers energy from glucose for muscle contraction. Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell. [ 2 marks ] T.tk Glucose into by bloodstream diffusion moves to blood then delivers glucose in mushes ✓ capillaries _o-_- Question 4 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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11
0 4 All living cells respire.
0 4 . 1 Respiration transfers energy from glucose for muscle contraction.
Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell.
[ 2 marks ]
Glucose T.tk
into bloodstream by diffusion
moves
blood to
then delivers glucose mushes in
✓
capillaries
_o-_-
Question 4 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 12 Figure 2 shows an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast cells. [ no oxygen Figure 2 0 4 . 2 What is the pur pose of the liquid paraffin in T ube A ? [ 1 mark] Tick one box. To prevent evaporation ÷ To stop air getting in To stop the temperature going up To stop water getting in SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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12
Figure 2 shows an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
[
Figure 2 no oxygen
0 4 . 2 What is the pur pose of the liquid paraffin in T ube A ?
[ 1 mark]
Tick one box.
To prevent evaporation
÷
To stop air getting in
To stop the temperature going up
To stop water getting in
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 13 I The indicator solution in T ube B shows changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ). 2 The indicator is: • blue when the concentration of CO is very low 2 • green when the concentration of CO is low 2 0 • yellow when the concentration of CO is high. 2 - 0 4 . 3 What colour would you expect the indicator to be in T ube B during maximum rate of anaerobic respiration? [ 1 mark ] Tick one box. glucose Co ethanol → + , Blue Green Yellow ✓ 0 4 . 4 Suggest how the experiment could be changed to give a reproducible way to measure the rate of the reaction. Include any apparatus you would use. i [2 marks] ! with collect the syringe con Measure a gas volume collected time the stated with in a a . . stopwatch it . . _ € -measunny cylinder ¥ ~ ¥ tÉ Question 4 continues on the next page . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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13
I
The indicator solution in T ube B shows changes in the concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO ).
2
The indicator is:
• blue when the concentration of CO is very low
2
• green when the concentration of CO is low
2
0
• yellow when the concentration of CO is high.
2
-
0 4 . 3 What colour would you expect the indicator to be in T ube B during maximum rate of
anaerobic respiration?
[ 1 mark ]
Tick one box. glucose
Co ethanol
→ +
,
Blue
Green
Yellow ✓
0 4 . 4 Suggest how the experiment could be changed to give a reproducible way to
measure the rate of the reaction.
Include any apparatus you would use.
i
[2 marks]
!
collect the con with syringe Measure
a gas
the volume collected time
stated with
in a a
. .
stopwatch it
.
.
_ € -measunny cylinder
¥ ~ ¥ tÉ
Question 4 continues on the next page
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com @ 14 0 4 . 5 Compare anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell with anaerobic respiration in a muscle cell. [3 marks] Both release small amounts ✓ of energy . produces cells do ! Yeast to which not minute , muntecelbprirhne produces but Yeast ethanol I lactic acid - [ comparative statements . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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@ 14
0 4 . 5 Compare anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell with anaerobic respiration in a
muscle cell.
[3 marks]
Both release small amounts ✓
of energy
.
Yeast produces to which minute cells do not !
,
muntecelbprirhne
produces but
Yeast ethanol
lactic acid I -
[
comparative
statements
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 15 Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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15
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SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 16 0 5 A student investigate d the effect of different sugar solutions on potato tissue. Cone of Evaporation This is the method used. . mention goatee 1. Add 30 cm 3 of 0.8 mol dm −3 sugar solution to a boiling tube. 2. Repeat step 1 with equal volumes of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 mol dm −3 sugar solutions. 3. Use water to give a concentration of 0.0 mol dm −3 . 4. Cut five cylinders of potato of equal size using a cork borer. 5. Weigh each potato cylinder and place one in each tube. 6. Remove the potato cylinders from the solutions after 24 hours. drying ~ 7. Dry each potato cylinder with a paper towel. - ogihps 8. Reweigh the potato cylinders. F. oumocyugbolome Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Concentration of Starting Final mass Change of Percentage sugar solution in mass in g in g mass in g (%) change mol dm − 3 0.0 1.30 1.51 0.21 16.2 0.2 1.35 1.50 0.15 X 0.4 1.30 1.35 0.05 3.8 0.6 1.34 1.28 − 0.06 − 4.5 0.8 1.22 1.11 − 0.11 − 9.0 9.7%+100 Xchange = 0 5 . 1 Calculate the value of X in Table 2 . [2 marks] (0.15-11.35) × 100=11.1 II. Percentage c hange in mass = I % SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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16
0 5 A student investigate d the effect of different sugar solutions on potato tissue.
Cone of Evaporation
This is the method used. .
mention
goatee
1. Add 30 cm 3 of 0.8 mol dm −3 sugar solution to a boiling tube.
2. Repeat step 1 with equal volumes of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 mol dm −3 sugar solutions.
3. Use water to give a concentration of 0.0 mol dm −3 .
4. Cut five cylinders of potato of equal size using a cork borer.
5. Weigh each potato cylinder and place one in each tube.
6. Remove the potato cylinders from the solutions after 24 hours.
drying ~
7. Dry each potato cylinder with a paper towel.
-
ogihps 8. Reweigh the potato cylinders.
F. oumocyugbolome
Table 2 shows the results.
Table 2
Concentration of
Starting Final mass Change of Percentage
sugar solution in
mass in g in g mass in g (%) change
mol dm − 3
0.0 1.30 1.51 0.21 16.2
0.2 1.35 1.50 0.15 X
0.4 1.30 1.35 0.05 3.8
0.6 1.34 1.28 − 0.06 − 4.5
0.8 1.22 1.11 − 0.11 − 9.0
9.7%+100
Xchange =
0 5 . 1 Calculate the value of X in Table 2 .
[2 marks]
(0.15-11.35) × 100=11.1
II.
Percentage c hange in mass = I %
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 17 0 5 . 2 Why did the student calculate the percentage change in mass as well as the change in grams? [ 1 mark ] Auwsrenetsoneumoono starting because OR different maneuver . many 0 5 . 3 Complete Figure 3 using data from Table 2 . • Choose a suitable scale and label for the x -axis. • Plot the percentage (%) change in mass. • Draw a line of best fit. [4 marks] EE Figure 3 ¥ ✗ 11=01 ✗ ✗ ✗ of lone to 6.4 :b f. 6.2 :O hyorsobtim . g o , Question 5 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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17
0 5 . 2 Why did the student calculate the percentage change in mass as well as the change
in grams?
[ 1 mark ]
Auwsrenetsoneumoono
OR because starting different
maneuver
.
many
0 5 . 3 Complete Figure 3 using data from Table 2 .
• Choose a suitable scale and label for the x -axis.
• Plot the percentage (%) change in mass.
• Draw a line of best fit.
[4 marks]
EE
Figure 3
¥
✗ 11=01
✗
✗
✗
of
to 6.2 6.4 :b f. :O lone hyorsobtim .
o g ,
Question 5 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 18 0 5 . 4 Use your graph in Figure 3 to estimate the concentration of the solution inside the potato cells. [ 1 mark ] Go change in 0.52 ) Concentration = mol dm − 3 mass (0.45-0.55) Mhnmmnu@Betmeenacomentrotiin.g 0 5 . 5 The results in Table 2 show the percentage change in mass of the potato cylinders. Explain why the percentage change results are positive and negative. [3 marks] molteni 52 o o - . , water Between into cells Molteni 0.52 moves 8 o - . . , water cells water both out moves g In cases . , by osmosis moves . 0 5 . 6 Suggest two possible sources of error in the method given on page 1 6 . [ 2 marks] Cementation solutions 1 og Accuracy balance 2 og . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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18
0 5 . 4 Use your graph in Figure 3 to estimate the concentration of the solution inside the
potato cells.
[ 1 mark ]
Go change
in ) 0.52
mass Concentration = mol dm − 3
(0.45-0.55)
Mhnmmnu@Betmeenacomentrotiin.g
0 5 . 5 The results in Table 2 show the percentage change in mass of the
potato cylinders.
Explain why the percentage change results are positive and negative.
[3 marks]
52 molteni
o o
- . ,
water into cells Between 0.52 Molteni
moves o 8
. - .
,
water cells both water
moves out g In cases
. ,
by
moves osmosis
.
0 5 . 6 Suggest two possible sources of error in the method given on page 1 6 .
[ 2 marks]
Cementation solutions
1 og
Accuracy balance
2 og
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 19 0 6 Figure 4 shows the human digestive system. Figure 4 stomach ✓ \ pancreas , 0 6 . 1 Label the stomach and pancreas on Figure 4 . [ 1 mark ] Question 6 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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19
0 6 Figure 4 shows the human digestive system.
Figure 4
stomach
✓
\
pancreas
,
0 6 . 1 Label the stomach and pancreas on Figure 4 .
[ 1 mark ]
Question 6 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 20 Many people suffer from stomach ulcers caused by a species of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. The stomach is lined with a protective lining of mucus. Helicobacter pylori are acid - tolerant bacteria which can damage this mucus lining. 0 6 . 2 Suggest how an infection with Helicobacter pylori might result in a stomach ulcer developing. [ 2 marks] Hiland Bacteria not killed by they so damage the lining Therefore Ha mucus . ulcer ✓ causes an . tissue for damages stomach Ha 0 6 . 3 Helicobacter pylori can also cause stomach cancer. Malignant Describe how a person infected with Helicobacter pylori could also develop liver cancer. .gg#ooyo.T-g [ 3 marks] itamar malignant cells the cancer is Benign They other spread 6 via can move organs . , ✓ gommy tumour the blood secondary ¥ a . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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20
Many people suffer from stomach ulcers caused by a species of bacteria
called Helicobacter pylori.
The stomach is lined with a protective lining of mucus.
Helicobacter pylori are acid - tolerant bacteria which can damage this mucus lining.
0 6 . 2 Suggest how an infection with Helicobacter pylori might result in a stomach
ulcer developing.
[ 2 marks]
Hiland
Bacteria not killed by they
so
damage the lining Therefore Ha
mucus
.
ulcer ✓
causes
an
.
tissue
for damages stomach
Ha
0 6 . 3 Helicobacter pylori can also cause stomach cancer.
Malignant
Describe how a person infected with Helicobacter pylori could also develop
liver cancer.
.gg#ooyo.T-g [ 3 marks]
malignant itamar cells
the cancer is
Benign other They
can spread 6 move via
organs
, ✓ gommy . tumour
the blood secondary
¥ a .
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 21 0 6 . 4 Gluten is a form of protein found in some grains . Describe the test you would use to find out if protein is present in food. fo: ¥ % [ 2 marks] sample solution ✓ Add Binet b good ✓ Purple colour shows protein present . 0 6 . 5 Coeliac disease is a disease of the digestive system. It damages the lining of the small intestine when foods that contain gluten are eaten. When people with coeliac disease eat foods that contain gluten: room 1. their immune system forms antibodies to gluten 2. these antibodies attack the lining of the small intestine ① 3. this causes inflammation in the intestines and damages the villi. High SA Symptoms of coeliac disease include poor growth. Suggest why a person with coeliac disease might have this symptom. [ 4 marks] reduce absolution Damaged villi surface area for . glucose acids therefore amino fever and . , id gluing transfer With less of - reclined acids with energy is goner amino , available less build proteins to are new . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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21
0 6 . 4 Gluten is a form of protein found in some grains .
Describe the test you would use to find out if protein is present in food.
fo: ¥ % [ 2 marks]
solution sample ✓
Add Binet b good
Purple colour shows protein present ✓
.
0 6 . 5 Coeliac disease is a disease of the digestive system.
It damages the lining of the small intestine when foods that contain gluten are eaten.
When people with coeliac disease eat foods that contain gluten:
1. their immune system forms antibodies to gluten room
2. these antibodies attack the lining of the small intestine
①
3. this causes inflammation in the intestines and damages the villi. High SA
Symptoms of coeliac disease include poor growth.
Suggest why a person with coeliac disease might have this symptom.
[ 4 marks]
reduce absolution
Damaged villi surface
area for
.
acids glucose
therefore fever amino and
.
,
id With less gluing transfer of
-
reclined with acids
energy is goner amino
less available build proteins ,
to
are new
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 22 Hi 0 7 A gardener is looking at the plants in his greenhouse. → 0 7 . 1 Some of the plants have a disease. Give two ways the gardener could identify the pathogen infecting the plants. [2 marks] to Compare pities gardening 1 on a ✓ website ( book ) / or magazine ✓ analysis lab send to for 2 a - 0 7 . 2 Plants can become unhealthy if they do not have essential mineral ions. Describe the appearance of plants with: • nitrate deficiency • magnesium deficiency. [ 2 marks] stunted growth / ( Nitrate deficiency Yellowing leaves I of Magnesium deficiency [ chlorophyll Magnesium → . nitrate fukin acid → amino → . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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22
0 7 A gardener is looking at the plants in his greenhouse. Hi
→
0 7 . 1 Some of the plants have a disease.
Give two ways the gardener could identify the pathogen infecting the plants.
[2 marks]
Compare to pities gardening
1 on a
✓
website ( / book )
or magazine ✓
lab analysis
send to
2 a for -
0 7 . 2 Plants can become unhealthy if they do not have essential mineral ions.
Describe the appearance of plants with:
• nitrate deficiency
• magnesium deficiency.
[ 2 marks]
stunted growth /
( Nitrate deficiency
Yellowing of leaves I
Magnesium deficiency
[
Magnesium chlorophyll
→ .
nitrate fukin
→ amino acid
→
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 23 0 7 . 3 Plants need other mineral ions . • Potassium ions are needed for healthy root growth. • Phosphate ions are needed for healthy flowers and fruits. The gardener makes his own garden compost. The percentage (%) of minerals in his compost was compared with two fertilisers he could buy. The data are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 flowers for ✗ forgive , \ roots ' Percentage (%) mineral content for ✓ , growth Nitrate Phosphate Potassium Cost ions ions ions in £/kg Garden compost 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.00 Fertiliser S 5.0 1.3 6.6 4.99 Fertiliser T 3.0 12.0 6.0 9.99 The gardener buys Fertiliser S . Explain why he chose Fertiliser S . [ 4 marks] lmontratim higher 5 has nitrate the ion promotes best growth also has the so potassium the highest content will coin so roots produce the stronger It cheaper is . / fertiliser than T However does it nut . , have phosphate but the highest iron content perhaps mtuitenestet the gardener growing in is :/ flowers SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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23
0 7 . 3 Plants need other mineral ions .
• Potassium ions are needed for healthy root growth.
• Phosphate ions are needed for healthy flowers and fruits.
The gardener makes his own garden compost.
The percentage (%) of minerals in his compost was compared with two fertilisers he
could buy.
The data are shown in Table 3 .
Table 3
for flowers
✗
forgive ,
\ roots '
Percentage (%) mineral content for
✓
growth ,
Nitrate Phosphate Potassium Cost
ions ions ions in £/kg
Garden compost 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.00
Fertiliser S 5.0 1.3 6.6 4.99
Fertiliser T 3.0 12.0 6.0 9.99
The gardener buys Fertiliser S .
Explain why he chose Fertiliser S .
[ 4 marks]
lmontratim
higher
5 has the nitrate ion
promotes best growth also has
so the
the highest potassium coin content so will
roots
produce the stronger It is cheaper
.
/
than fertiliser T However it does nut
. ,
have the highest phosphate iron content but
perhaps the gardener mtuitenestet growing
is in
:/
flowers
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 24 0 8 Lungworm is an infection. Lungworm can kill dogs. It is caused by a small worm. Figure 5 shows the lifecycle of the lungworm. injected dogs isolate Figure 5 ✓ dogs injected treat 1- . educate owners about picking day up games * t destroy the snails 0 8 . 1 What type of organism is represented by the snail in the lifecycle of the lungworm? [1 mark] Tick one box. microorganism ✓ Fungus → Parasite the Protist lungworm [ Vector ✓ microorganism a malaria e. g. . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 8 Lungworm is an infection.
Lungworm can kill dogs.
It is caused by a small worm.
Figure 5 shows the lifecycle of the lungworm.
injected dogs
isolate
Figure 5
✓ injected dogs
treat
1-
.
educate
owners
about picking
day
up
games
*
t destroy the snails
0 8 . 1 What type of organism is represented by the snail in the lifecycle of the lungworm?
[1 mark]
Tick one box. microorganism
✓
Fungus
→ Parasite
the
Protist
lungworm [
Vector ✓
microorganism
a
malaria
e. g.
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 25 0 8 . 2 Suggest how the spread of the lungworm disease can be prevented. [ 3 marks] ! Destroy snails Isolate dogs ✓ injected . climate dog about dog E picking owners up ✓ fakes . ¥ vector z t 4 ¥ 0 8 . 3 Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes. Describe two ways to control the spread of malaria. - [ 2 marks] mosquito nets mosquitos use so cannot 1 / bite humans / Prevent mosquitos breeding 2 . Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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25
0 8 . 2 Suggest how the spread of the lungworm disease can be prevented.
! [ 3 marks]
Destroy snails Isolate injected dogs ✓
.
E climate dog about picking dog
owners up
✓
fakes
.
¥
vector z
t 4 ¥
0 8 . 3 Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes.
Describe two ways to control the spread of malaria.
- [ 2 marks]
mosquito nets mosquitos
1 use so cannot
/
bite
humans
/
Prevent
2 mosquitos breeding
.
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 26 0 9 Figure 6 shows photographs of some animal cells at different stages during the cell cycle. Figure 6 chromosomes SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 9 Figure 6 shows photographs of some animal cells at different stages during the
cell cycle.
Figure 6
chromosomes
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 27 0 9 . 1 Which photograph in Figure 6 shows a cell that is not going through mitosis ? [1 mark] Tick one box . ✓ A B C ammoniums 0 9 . 2 Describe what is happening in photograph A . , [ 2 marks] cell membrane Division ond_ g ✓ Cytoplwnm ( Cytokinesis ) or ! To identical daughter cells form 2 Question 9 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 9 . 1 Which photograph in Figure 6 shows a cell that is not going through mitosis ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box .
✓
A B C
ammoniums
0 9 . 2 , Describe what is happening in photograph A .
[ 2 marks]
Division cell membrane ond_
g
Cytoplwnm ✓ ( Cytokinesis )
or
!
To form 2 identical daughter cells
Question 9 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 28 A student wanted to find out more about the cell cycle. The student made a slide of an onion root tip. She counted the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle in one field of view. Table 4 shows the results. Ta ble 4 Stages in the cell cycle Non-dividing cells Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total Number of cells 20 9 4 2 1 36 Jazz takes longer ← so there will be more cells in this stage 0 9 . 3 Each stage of the cell cycle takes a different amount of time. Which stage in Table 4 is the fastest in the cell cycle? Give a reason for your answer. mama / [ 2 marks] Stage cells this member evert in F- g Reason 1 stage . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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A student wanted to find out more about the cell cycle.
The student made a slide of an onion root tip.
She counted the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle in one field of view.
Table 4 shows the results.
Ta ble 4
Stages in the cell cycle
Non-dividing cells Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total
Number of cells 20 9 4 2 1 36
Jazz
takes longer
←
so there will be
more cells in
this stage
0 9 . 3 Each stage of the cell cycle takes a different amount of time.
Which stage in Table 4 is the fastest in the cell cycle?
Give a reason for your answer.
mama / [ 2 marks]
Stage
member cells this
evert in
F- g
Reason
1
stage
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

ooo PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 29 0 9 . 4 The cell cycle in an onion root tip cell takes 16 hours. Calculate the length of time Stage 2 lasts in a typical cell. 6 € 16 from ×⑧ É% conversion Give your answer to 2 significant figures. hours to [ 3 marks] minutes so . . . . . fronting cells in - stage 110 ✓ Time in Stage 2 = minutes 2 zany Question 9 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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29
0 9 . 4 The cell cycle in an onion root tip cell takes 16 hours.
Calculate the length of time Stage 2 lasts in a typical cell.
6 € 16 from
×⑧ É% conversion
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
hours to [ 3 marks]
minutes
so
. . . . .
fronting
cells in -
stage
110 ✓
Time in Stage 2 = minutes
2
zany Question 9 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 30 Bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo cell division similar to mitosis. 0 Figure 7 shows a growth curve for E. coli grown in a nutrient broth. Figure 7 0 9 . 5 What type of cell division causes the change in number of E. coli cells at P ? [ 1 mark] Binary Fission ! . SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo cell division similar to mitosis.
0
Figure 7 shows a growth curve for E. coli grown in a nutrient broth.
Figure 7
0 9 . 5 What type of cell division causes the change in number of E. coli cells at P ?
[ 1 mark]
Binary Fission !
.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 31 0 9 . 6 Suggest why the number of cells levels out at Q . ! [ 2 marks] shortage there nutrients is y a cells die ! So , OR rate 6h growth y the is same as the death rate cell y : . - ← - Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 9 . 6 Suggest why the number of cells levels out at Q .
! [ 2 marks]
shortage
there nutrients
is a y
So cells die !
,
OR rate y 6h growth the
is same as
the rate cell death
y
. :
- ← -
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 32 1 0 Explain how the human circulatory system is adapted to: level 3 : ] LUNGS } • supply oxygen to the tissues > [ " detailed " low and coherent . • remove waste products from tissues. Bethune . [6 marks] HEART q . [ } ] "dd^ Nhk Wth ohhhh " "" greater higher flong TISSUE blood and blood pressure i presume one , The pulmonary artery carries tissues no oxygen : , deoxygenated hhmdb where it absorbs gross the alveoli stunted thou back the pulmonary to heart carried the in oxygen before being tissues through pumped to by the heart vein the aorta blood cells which carried by red oxygen is - . haemoglobin contain renters contain for no so more transport Capillaries blood out oxygen carny . to optimum tissues thin allow they walls have . diffusion of out printouts in oxygen and waste . . + high capillaries surface optimum away for dftjuhins rakes back blood :b heart veins goes in with . backflow to prevent SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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1 0 Explain how the human circulatory system is adapted to: level
3 :
]
LUNGS } • supply oxygen to the tissues
> [ " detailed "
low and coherent
. • remove waste products from tissues.
Bethune
. [6 marks]
HEART q .
[ ] } Nhk "dd^ Wth ohhhh
"
""
higher greater flong
TISSUE blood pressure and blood
i presume one
,
tissues The pulmonary artery carries
no oxygen :
,
deoxygenated hhmdb where it absorbs
gross the alveoli
stunted
thou back to heart the pulmonary
oxygen carried the in
before being pumped to tissues by the heart through
vein
the aorta carried by red blood cells which
oxygen is
- .
contain renters contain haemoglobin for
no so more
transport Capillaries blood out
oxygen carny
.
tissues they thin walls to allow optimum
have
.
diffusion
of oxygen out and waste printouts in
. .
+ high surface away capillaries for optimum
dftjuhins
blood back :b heart veins rakes
goes in with
.
to prevent backflow
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 33 Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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33
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 34 1 1 Monoclonal antibodies are used to measure the levels of hormones in the blood. Pregnant women produce the hormone HCG. HCG is excreted in urine. Figure 8 shows four pregnancy test strips. Figure 8 Mohanty 1 1 . 1 Which test strip shows a negative test result? [1 mark] Tick one box . ✓ A B C D 1 1 . 2 Monoclonal antibodies are used for pregnancy testing. Give one other use of monoclonal antibodies. [ 1 mark] To treat cancer . to diagnose + corner normal Comer blood clots identify ¥ %gg E otherhomors to > identify , monoclonal SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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1 1 Monoclonal antibodies are used to measure the levels of hormones in the blood.
Pregnant women produce the hormone HCG.
HCG is excreted in urine.
Figure 8 shows four pregnancy test strips.
Figure 8
Mohanty
1 1 . 1 Which test strip shows a negative test result?
[1 mark]
Tick one box .
✓
A B C D
1 1 . 2 Monoclonal antibodies are used for pregnancy testing.
Give one other use of monoclonal antibodies.
[ 1 mark]
To treat
cancer
.
to diagnose
normal + corner
Comer
blood clots
identify
¥ %gg
E otherhomors
> to identify
,
monoclonal
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 35 1 1 . 3 Figure 9 shows the parts of a pregnancy test strip. :# Figure 9 - g f * - - to * - B ¥ _§ * B 6 points The pregnancy test strip will show a positive test result when a woman is pregnant. Explain how the pregnancy test strip works to show a positive result. [ 6 marks] through reaction the As urine passes zone Hctituine mobile antibodies bind to to stink Continues the move and up antibodies Hcbhinds to immobile the specific the results blue creating zone wine in a , . Any antibodies :b that have not bound Harborne control window to the up immobile to bind spythipi and the blue here line antibodies thus a . ✓ , also control the window is seen in END OF QUESTIONS SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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1 1 . 3 Figure 9 shows the parts of a pregnancy test strip.
:#
Figure 9
g -
f
*
-
-
to
* -
B
¥ _§
*
B
6
points
The pregnancy test strip will show a positive test result when a woman is pregnant.
Explain how the pregnancy test strip works to show a positive result.
[ 6 marks]
through the reaction
As urine passes zone
mobile antibodies bind to Hctituine
Continues to the stink
move and
up antibodies
Hcbhinds to immobile
the specific
the results creating blue
zone wine
in a
, .
Any antibodies that have not bound :b
Harborne
to control window
up the
bind to spythipi immobile
and the
antibodies here thus blue line
a
. , ✓
also the control window
is seen in
END OF QUESTIONS
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 36 There are no questions printed on this page Copyright information Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Figure 1: Leaf with TMV © Nigel Cattlin/Getty Images Figure 5: Dog © Eriklam/Thinkstock Figure 5: Snail © karandaev/Thinkstock Figure 6: Cell A © Ed Reschke/Getty Images Figure 6: Cell B © Ed Reschke/Getty Images Figure 6: Cell C © Ed Reschke/Getty Images SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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There are no questions printed on this page
Copyright information
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been
unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries
please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ.
Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Figure 1: Leaf with TMV © Nigel Cattlin/Getty Images
Figure 5: Dog © Eriklam/Thinkstock
Figure 5: Snail © karandaev/Thinkstock
Figure 6: Cell A © Ed Reschke/Getty Images
Figure 6: Cell B © Ed Reschke/Getty Images
Figure 6: Cell C © Ed Reschke/Getty Images
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

Specimen MA