PMT PMT PMT SPECIMEN MATERIAL H GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 2H Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a calculator. Instructions • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • There are 100 marks available on this paper. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. • When answering questions 01.3, 02.4, 03.3, 04.2 and 08.2 you need to make sure that your answer: ‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured ‒ fully meets the requirements of the question ‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Please write clearly, in block capitals, to allow character computer recognition. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature

PMT PMT PMT
SPECIMEN MATERIAL
H
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Higher Tier Paper 2H
Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
• a calculator.
Instructions
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information
• There are 100 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
• When answering questions 01.3, 02.4, 03.3, 04.2 and 08.2 you need to make sure that your answer:
‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured
‒ fully meets the requirements of the question
‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.
Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Please write clearly, in block capitals, to allow character computer recognition.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature

PMT PMT PMT 2 0 1 Ch arles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection. Many people at the time did not accept his theory. 0 1 . 1 There was a different theory at the same time as Darwin’s theory. The different theory said that changes in an organism during its life could be inherited. Who proposed this theory? [ 1 mark ] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
2
0 1 Ch arles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection.
Many people at the time did not accept his theory.
0 1 . 1 There was a different theory at the same time as Darwin’s theory.
The different theory said that changes in an organism during its life could be
inherited.
Who proposed this theory?
[ 1 mark ]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 3 0 1 . 2 Study ing fossils help s scientists understand how living things have evolved. Figure 1 shows a fossilised snake. Figure 1 Explain how the fossil in Figure 1 may have formed. [ 3 marks] Question 1 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
3
0 1 . 2 Study ing fossils help s scientists understand how living things have evolved.
Figure 1 shows a fossilised snake.
Figure 1
Explain how the fossil in Figure 1 may have formed.
[ 3 marks]
Question 1 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 4 T here are many types of rat snake in the world . Table 1 shows two types of rat snake Table 1 Type of snake Japanese rat snake Texas rat snake Colour of snake Green Pale brown Type of environment Grass Dry and dusty SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
4
T here are many types of rat snake in the world .
Table 1 shows two types of rat snake
Table 1
Type of snake Japanese rat snake Texas rat snake
Colour of snake Green Pale brown
Type of environment Grass Dry and dusty
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 5 0 1 . 3 T he different types of rat snake have evolved from similar ancestors . The rat snakes have evolved to suit their environments. Explain how the Japanese rat snake evolved to be different from the Texas rat snake. [ 4 marks] 0 1 . 4 Many species of snake have become extinct. Give one reason why a species might become extinct. [1 mark] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
5
0 1 . 3 T he different types of rat snake have evolved from similar ancestors .
The rat snakes have evolved to suit their environments.
Explain how the Japanese rat snake evolved to be different from the
Texas rat snake.
[ 4 marks]
0 1 . 4 Many species of snake have become extinct.
Give one reason why a species might become extinct.
[1 mark]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 6 0 2 A gardener wants to add compost to the soil to increase his yield of strawberries. The gardener wants to make his own compost. 0 2 . 1 An airtight compost heap causes anaerobic decay. Explain why the gardener might be against producing compost using this method. [ 2 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
6
0 2 A gardener wants to add compost to the soil to increase his yield of strawberries.
The gardener wants to make his own compost.
0 2 . 1 An airtight compost heap causes anaerobic decay.
Explain why the gardener might be against producing compost using this method.
[ 2 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 7 The gardener finds this research on the internet : ‘A carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 will produce fertile compost.’ Look at Table 2 . Table 2 Type of material Mass of carbon Mass of nitrogen Carbon:nitrogen to compost in sample in g in sample in g ratio Chicken manure 8.75 1.25 7:1 Horse manure 10.00 0.50 20:1 Peat moss 9.80 0.20 X 0 2 . 2 Determine the ratio X in Table 2 . [ 1 mark ] Ratio 0 2 . 3 Which type of material in Table 2 would be best for the gardener to use to make his compost? Justify your answer. [ 1 mark] Question 2 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
7
The gardener finds this research on the internet :
‘A carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 will produce fertile compost.’
Look at Table 2 .
Table 2
Type of material Mass of carbon Mass of nitrogen Carbon:nitrogen
to compost in sample in g in sample in g ratio
Chicken manure 8.75 1.25 7:1
Horse manure 10.00 0.50 20:1
Peat moss 9.80 0.20 X
0 2 . 2 Determine the ratio X in Table 2 .
[ 1 mark ]
Ratio
0 2 . 3 Which type of material in Table 2 would be best for the gardener to use to make
his compost?
Justify your answer.
[ 1 mark]
Question 2 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 8 0 2 . 4 Some of the leaves from the gardener’s strawberry plant die. The dead leaves fall off the strawberry plant onto the ground. The carbon in the dead leaves is recycled through the carbon cycle. Explain how the carbon is recycled into the growth of new leaves. [6 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
8
0 2 . 4 Some of the leaves from the gardener’s strawberry plant die.
The dead leaves fall off the strawberry plant onto the ground.
The carbon in the dead leaves is recycled through the carbon cycle.
Explain how the carbon is recycled into the growth of new leaves.
[6 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 9 0 2 . 5 Figure 2 shows two strawberries. • Both strawberries were picked from the same strawberry plant. • Both strawberries were picked 3 days ago. • The strawberries were stored in different conditions. Figure 2 Give three possible reasons that may have caused strawberry A to decay. [ 3 marks] 1 2 3 Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
9
0 2 . 5 Figure 2 shows two strawberries.
• Both strawberries were picked from the same strawberry plant.
• Both strawberries were picked 3 days ago.
• The strawberries were stored in different conditions.
Figure 2
Give three possible reasons that may have caused strawberry A to decay.
[ 3 marks]
1
2
3
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 10 0 3 Many different types of animals are produced using selective breeding. Some cats are selectively bred so that they do not cause allergies in people. 0 3 . 1 Suggest two other reasons why people might selectively breed cats. [ 2 marks ] 1 2 0 3 . 2 Selective breeding could cause problems of inbreeding in cats. Describe one problem inbreeding causes. [1 mark] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
10
0 3 Many different types of animals are produced using selective breeding.
Some cats are selectively bred so that they do not cause allergies in people.
0 3 . 1 Suggest two other reasons why people might selectively breed cats.
[ 2 marks ]
1
2
0 3 . 2 Selective breeding could cause problems of inbreeding in cats.
Describe one problem inbreeding causes.
[1 mark]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 11 0 3 . 3 M any people have breathing problems because they are allergic to cats. The allergy is caused by a chemical called Fel D1. Different cats produce different amounts of Fel D1. A cat has been bred so that it does not produce Fel D1. The cat does not cause an allergic reaction. Explain how the cat has been produced using selective breeding. [4 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
11
0 3 . 3 M any people have breathing problems because they are allergic to cats.
The allergy is caused by a chemical called Fel D1.
Different cats produce different amounts of Fel D1.
A cat has been bred so that it does not produce Fel D1.
The cat does not cause an allergic reaction.
Explain how the cat has been produced using selective breeding.
[4 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 12 There are no questions printed on this page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
12
There are no questions printed on this page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 13 0 4 A student plans an investigation using mould. 0 4 . 1 Mould spores are hazardous. Give one safety precaution the student should take when doing this investigation. [ 1 mark ] A student made the following hypothesis about the growth of mould: ‘ The higher the temperature, the faster the growth of mould ’. The student planned to measure the amount of mould growing on bread. The student used the following materials and equipment: • slices of bread • sealable plastic bags • a knife • a chopping board • mould spores. 0 4 . 2 Describe how the materials and equipment could be used to test the hypothesis. [ 4 marks] Question 4 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
13
0 4 A student plans an investigation using mould.
0 4 . 1 Mould spores are hazardous.
Give one safety precaution the student should take when doing this investigation.
[ 1 mark ]
A student made the following hypothesis about the growth of mould:
‘ The higher the temperature, the faster the growth of mould ’.
The student planned to measure the amount of mould growing on bread.
The student used the following materials and equipment:
• slices of bread
• sealable plastic bags
• a knife
• a chopping board
• mould spores.
0 4 . 2 Describe how the materials and equipment could be used to test the hypothesis.
[ 4 marks]
Question 4 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 14 0 4 . 3 Give one variable the student should control in the investigation. [ 1 mark ] Another student did a similar investigation. Figure 3 shows the results. Figure 3 0 4 . 4 Determine the rate of mould growth at 42 °C between day 2 and day 7. [ 2 marks] Rate of mould growth = units per day SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
14
0 4 . 3 Give one variable the student should control in the investigation.
[ 1 mark ]
Another student did a similar investigation.
Figure 3 shows the results.
Figure 3
0 4 . 4 Determine the rate of mould growth at 42 °C between day 2 and day 7.
[ 2 marks]
Rate of mould growth = units per day
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 15 0 4 . 5 The growth of mould shows decomposition of the bread . Give a conclusion about decomposition from the results in Figure 3 . [1 mark] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
15
0 4 . 5 The growth of mould shows decomposition of the bread .
Give a conclusion about decomposition from the results in Figure 3 .
[1 mark]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 16 0 5 Figure 4 shows a reflex in the iris of the human eye in response to changes in light levels. Figure 4 0 5 . 1 Describe the changes in the pupil and iris going from A to B in Figure 4 . Explain how these changes occur. Refer to the changes in light level in your answer. [ 4 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
16
0 5 Figure 4 shows a reflex in the iris of the human eye in response to changes in
light levels.
Figure 4
0 5 . 1 Describe the changes in the pupil and iris going from A to B in Figure 4 .
Explain how these changes occur.
Refer to the changes in light level in your answer.
[ 4 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 17 0 5 . 2 Some p eople wear glasses to improve their vision. Figure 5 shows light entering the eye in a person with blurred vision. Figure 6 shows how this condition is corrected with glasses. Figure 5 Figure 6 Compare Figure 5 and Figure 6 . Explain how the blurred vision is corrected. [2 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
17
0 5 . 2 Some p eople wear glasses to improve their vision.
Figure 5 shows light entering the eye in a person with blurred vision.
Figure 6 shows how this condition is corrected with glasses.
Figure 5 Figure 6
Compare Figure 5 and Figure 6 .
Explain how the blurred vision is corrected.
[2 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 18 0 6 Two students investigated reflex action times. This is the method used. 1. Student A sits with her elbow resting on the edge of a table. 2. Student B holds a ruler with the bottom of the ruler level with the thumb of Student A . 3. Student B drops the ruler. 4. Student A catches the ruler and records the distance, as shown in Figure 7 . 5. Steps 1 to 4 were then repeated. Figure 7 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
18
0 6 Two students investigated reflex action times.
This is the method used.
1. Student A sits with her elbow resting on the edge of a table.
2. Student B holds a ruler with the bottom of the ruler level with the thumb
of Student A .
3. Student B drops the ruler.
4. Student A catches the ruler and records the distance, as shown in Figure 7 .
5. Steps 1 to 4 were then repeated.
Figure 7
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 19 0 6 . 1 Suggest two ways the students could improve the method to make sure the test would give valid results. [ 2 marks] 1 2 Question 6 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
19
0 6 . 1 Suggest two ways the students could improve the method to make sure the test
would give valid results.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
Question 6 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 20 Table 3 shows S tudent A ’s results. Table 3 Test Distance ruler dropped Number in mm 1 117 2 120 3 115 4 106 5 123 6 125 7 106 0 6 . 2 What is the median result? [1 mark] Tick one box. 106 115 116 117 123 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
20
Table 3 shows S tudent A ’s results.
Table 3
Test Distance ruler dropped
Number in mm
1 117
2 120
3 115
4 106
5 123
6 125
7 106
0 6 . 2 What is the median result?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
106
115
116
117
123
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 21 0 6 . 3 The mean distance the ruler was dropped is 116 mm. Calculate the mean reaction time. [3 marks] Use the equation: Give your answer to 3 significant figures Mean reaction time = s 0 6 . 4 The students then measured Student A ’s reaction time using a computer program. This is the method used. 1. The computer shows a red box at the start. 2. As soon as the box turns green the student has to press a key on the keyboard as fast as possible. 3. The test is repeated five times and a mean reaction time is displayed. Student A ’s mean reaction time was 110 ms. Using a computer program to measure reaction times is likely to be more valid than the method using a dropped ruler. Give two reasons why. [ 2 marks] 1 2 Question 6 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
21
0 6 . 3 The mean distance the ruler was dropped is 116 mm.
Calculate the mean reaction time.
[3 marks]
Use the equation:
Give your answer to 3 significant figures
Mean reaction time = s
0 6 . 4 The students then measured Student A ’s reaction time using a computer program.
This is the method used.
1. The computer shows a red box at the start.
2. As soon as the box turns green the student has to press a key on the keyboard as
fast as possible.
3. The test is repeated five times and a mean reaction time is displayed.
Student A ’s mean reaction time was 110 ms.
Using a computer program to measure reaction times is likely to be more valid than
the method using a dropped ruler.
Give two reasons why.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
Question 6 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 22 0 6 . 5 A woman has a head injury. Her symptoms include: • finding it difficult to name familiar objects • not being able to remember recent events. Suggest which part of her brain has been damaged. [1 mark] 0 6 . 6 A man has a head injury. He staggers and sways as he walks. Suggest which part of his brain has been damaged. [1 mark] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
22
0 6 . 5 A woman has a head injury.
Her symptoms include:
• finding it difficult to name familiar objects
• not being able to remember recent events.
Suggest which part of her brain has been damaged.
[1 mark]
0 6 . 6 A man has a head injury.
He staggers and sways as he walks.
Suggest which part of his brain has been damaged.
[1 mark]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 23 0 7 Figure 8 shows an image of a small section of DNA. Figure 9 shows the structure of a small section of DNA. Figure 8 Figure 9 0 7 . 1 What is Part B ? [ 1 mark ] 0 7 . 2 In Figure 8 the structure of DNA shows four different bases. There are four different bases and they always pair up in the same pairs. Which bases pair up together? [ 1 mark ] Question 7 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
23
0 7 Figure 8 shows an image of a small section of DNA.
Figure 9 shows the structure of a small section of DNA.
Figure 8 Figure 9
0 7 . 1 What is Part B ?
[ 1 mark ]
0 7 . 2 In Figure 8 the structure of DNA shows four different bases.
There are four different bases and they always pair up in the same pairs.
Which bases pair up together?
[ 1 mark ]
Question 7 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 24 Syndrom e H is an inherited condition. People with syndrome H do not produce the enzyme IDUA. Figure 9 shows part of the gene coding for the enzyme IDUA. Figure 9 Strand K shows a mutation in the DNA which has caused syndrome H. 0 7 . 3 The enzyme IDUA helps to break down a carbohydrate in the human body. The enzyme IDUA produced from Strand K will not work. Explain how the mutation could cause the enzyme not to work. [ 5 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
24
Syndrom e H is an inherited condition.
People with syndrome H do not produce the enzyme IDUA.
Figure 9 shows part of the gene coding for the enzyme IDUA.
Figure 9
Strand K shows a mutation in the DNA which has caused syndrome H.
0 7 . 3 The enzyme IDUA helps to break down a carbohydrate in the human body.
The enzyme IDUA produced from Strand K will not work.
Explain how the mutation could cause the enzyme not to work.
[ 5 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 25 0 7 . 4 A recessive allele causes syndrome H. A heterozygous woman and a homozygous recessive man want to have a child. Draw a Punnett square diagram to determine the probability of the child having syndrome H. Identify any children with syndrome H. [5 marks] Use the following symbols: A = dominant allele a = recessive allele Probability = Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
25
0 7 . 4 A recessive allele causes syndrome H.
A heterozygous woman and a homozygous recessive man want to have a child.
Draw a Punnett square diagram to determine the probability of the child having
syndrome H.
Identify any children with syndrome H.
[5 marks]
Use the following symbols:
A = dominant allele
a = recessive allele
Probability =
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 26 0 8 Food security is w hen a population has enough food to stay healthy . Lack of food security is a global problem. One way to maintain food security is to increase the efficiency of food production. Figure 10 shows how some pigs are farmed using intensive methods. Figure 10 0 8 . 1 Some people think the farming methods shown in Figure 10 are unethical. Suggest two other possible disadvantages of intensive farming methods. [ 2 marks] 1 2 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
26
0 8 Food security is w hen a population has enough food to stay healthy .
Lack of food security is a global problem.
One way to maintain food security is to increase the efficiency of food production.
Figure 10 shows how some pigs are farmed using intensive methods.
Figure 10
0 8 . 1 Some people think the farming methods shown in Figure 10 are unethical.
Suggest two other possible disadvantages of intensive farming methods.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 27 0 8 . 2 Explain how the intensive farming of pigs increases the efficiency of food production. [ 4 marks] Quest ion 8 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
27
0 8 . 2 Explain how the intensive farming of pigs increases the efficiency of food production.
[ 4 marks]
Quest ion 8 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 28 A newspaper reported that: ‘Food security is a serious problem in remote communities in Canada. This is because Aboriginal communities are eating fewer traditional foods.’ One traditional food eaten by Aboriginal communities in Canada is seal. Look at Table 4 . Table 4 Number of seals Year caught in thousands 2004 362 2005 316 2006 348 2007 224 2008 215 2009 91 2010 67 0 8 . 3 Calculate the percentage (%) decrease in the number of seals caught from 2004 to 2010. [ 2 marks] Decrease in seals = % SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
28
A newspaper reported that:
‘Food security is a serious problem in remote communities in Canada.
This is because Aboriginal communities are eating fewer traditional foods.’
One traditional food eaten by Aboriginal communities in Canada is seal.
Look at Table 4 .
Table 4
Number of seals
Year
caught in thousands
2004 362
2005 316
2006 348
2007 224
2008 215
2009 91
2010 67
0 8 . 3 Calculate the percentage (%) decrease in the number of seals caught from
2004 to 2010.
[ 2 marks]
Decrease in seals = %
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 29 0 8 . 4 The conclusion in the newspaper might not be correct. Suggest two reasons why. [ 2 marks] 1 2 Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
29
0 8 . 4 The conclusion in the newspaper might not be correct.
Suggest two reasons why.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 30 0 9 Homeostasis controls the internal conditions of the body. 0 9 . 1 Explain how blood glucose levels are controlled in the body of someone who does not have diabetes. [4 marks] 0 9 . 2 Compare how each type of diabetes is caused. Suggest how each type of diabetes can be treated. [ 4 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
30
0 9 Homeostasis controls the internal conditions of the body.
0 9 . 1 Explain how blood glucose levels are controlled in the body of someone who
does not have diabetes.
[4 marks]
0 9 . 2 Compare how each type of diabetes is caused.
Suggest how each type of diabetes can be treated.
[ 4 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 31 0 9 . 3 Look at Table 5 . Table 5 Population of UK in 2015 6.5 × 10 7 Number of people diagnosed with diabetes 3.45 × 10 6 Estimated number of people with undiagnosed diabetes 5.49 × 10 5 Calculate the percentage (%) of the UK population estimated to have diabetes. You should include both diagnosed and undiagnosed people in your calculation. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. [ 3 marks] Estimated percentage of population with diabetes = % Question 9 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
31
0 9 . 3 Look at Table 5 .
Table 5
Population of UK in 2015 6.5 × 10 7
Number of people diagnosed with diabetes 3.45 × 10 6
Estimated number of people with undiagnosed diabetes 5.49 × 10 5
Calculate the percentage (%) of the UK population estimated to have diabetes.
You should include both diagnosed and undiagnosed people in your calculation.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[ 3 marks]
Estimated percentage of population with diabetes = %
Question 9 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 32 0 9 . 4 A urine test can be used to check for the presence of glucose in the urine. Diabetes can also be diagnosed with a blood test to measure the concentration of blood glucose. Suggest why a blood test is more reliable than a urine test. [1 mark] 0 9 . 5 A blood test called the glucose tolerance test checks how well the body processes glucose. Concentrations of glucose in the blood are measured before and after drinking a glucose drink. Patients are not allowed to eat food for 8 hours before the glucose tolerance test. Suggest why patients are not allowed to eat for 8 hours before the test. [1 mark] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
32
0 9 . 4 A urine test can be used to check for the presence of glucose in the urine.
Diabetes can also be diagnosed with a blood test to measure the concentration of
blood glucose.
Suggest why a blood test is more reliable than a urine test.
[1 mark]
0 9 . 5 A blood test called the glucose tolerance test checks how well the body
processes glucose.
Concentrations of glucose in the blood are measured before and after drinking a
glucose drink.
Patients are not allowed to eat food for 8 hours before the glucose tolerance test.
Suggest why patients are not allowed to eat for 8 hours before the test.
[1 mark]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 33 0 9 . 6 Figure 11 shows the results of a glucose tolerance test for two patients, A and B . Figure 11 Which patient has diabetes? Justify your answer. [2 marks] Patient Justification SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
33
0 9 . 6 Figure 11 shows the results of a glucose tolerance test for two patients, A and B .
Figure 11
Which patient has diabetes?
Justify your answer.
[2 marks]
Patient
Justification
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 34 1 0 Endocrine glands produce hormones. 1 0 . 1 Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland. Suggest what would happen in the body of a person with hyperthyroidism. [3 marks] 1 0 . 2 Describe the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle. [2 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
34
1 0 Endocrine glands produce hormones.
1 0 . 1 Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland.
Suggest what would happen in the body of a person with hyperthyroidism.
[3 marks]
1 0 . 2 Describe the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle.
[2 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 35 1 0 . 3 The combined pill is a contraceptive tha t contains progesterone and oestrogen. The ‘mini-pill’: • is a contraceptive that only contains the progesterone hormone • has to be taken at the same time each day to prevent pregnancy. The success rate of the mini-pill in preventing pregnancy is lower than that of the combined pill. Explain why missing a dose of the mini-pill would reduce the success rate of the mini-pill. [ 4 marks] END OF QUESTIONS SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
35
1 0 . 3 The combined pill is a contraceptive tha t contains progesterone and oestrogen.
The ‘mini-pill’:
• is a contraceptive that only contains the progesterone hormone
• has to be taken at the same time each day to prevent pregnancy.
The success rate of the mini-pill in preventing pregnancy is lower than that of the
combined pill.
Explain why missing a dose of the mini-pill would reduce the success rate of the
mini-pill.
[ 4 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT 36 There are no questions printed on this page Copyright information Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Figure 1: Fossilised snake © Peter Menzel/Science Photo Library Table 1: Japanese rat snake © Kazzpix/Thinkstock Table 1: Texas rat snake © Alexey Kuznetsov/Thinkstock Figure 2: Decaying strawberry © sarahdoow/Thinkstock Figure 2: Strawberry © Mariusz Blach/Thinkstock Figure 4: Dilating iris © Gandee Vasan/Getty Images Figure 8: DNA computer-generated image © Svisio/Thinkstock Figure 10: Intensively farmed pigs © Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT PMT
36
There are no questions printed on this page
Copyright information
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been
unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries
please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ.
Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Figure 1: Fossilised snake © Peter Menzel/Science Photo Library
Table 1: Japanese rat snake © Kazzpix/Thinkstock
Table 1: Texas rat snake © Alexey Kuznetsov/Thinkstock
Figure 2: Decaying strawberry © sarahdoow/Thinkstock
Figure 2: Strawberry © Mariusz Blach/Thinkstock
Figure 4: Dilating iris © Gandee Vasan/Getty Images
Figure 8: DNA computer-generated image © Svisio/Thinkstock
Figure 10: Intensively farmed pigs © Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

About this document

Tags

Specimen QP