PMT GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/1F Paper 1 Foundation Tier Mark scheme June 2023 Version: 1.0 Final * 236G 84611F/MS *

PMT
GCSE
BIOLOGY
8461/1F
Paper 1 Foundation Tier
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
* 236G 84611F/MS *

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Co pyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. 2

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.
Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk
Co pyright information
AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own
internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third
party even for internal use within the centre.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
2

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Information to Examiners 1. General The mark scheme for each question shows: • the marks available for each part of the question • the total marks available for the question • the typical answer or answers which are expected • extra information to help the examiner make their judgement • the Assessment Objectives and specification content that each question is intended to cover. The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme. At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different place on the script. In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring that marking is straightforward and consistent (for example, a scientifically correct answer that could not reasonably be expected from a student’s knowledge of the specification). 2. Emboldening and underlining 2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is used, with the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a potential mark. 2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the mark. 2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of or . Alternative words in the mark scheme are shown by a solidus eg allow smooth / free movement. 2.4 Any wording that is underlined is essential for the marking point to be awarded. 3

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Information to Examiners
1. General
The mark scheme for each question shows:
• the marks available for each part of the question
• the total marks available for the question
• the typical answer or answers which are expected
• extra information to help the examiner make their judgement
• the Assessment Objectives and specification content that each question is intended to cover.
The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and
should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.
At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential
marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different
place on the script.
In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse
the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring that marking is straightforward and
consistent (for example, a scientifically correct answer that could not reasonably be expected from a
student’s knowledge of the specification).
2. Emboldening and underlining
2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is used, with
the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a potential mark.
2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the mark.
2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of or .
Alternative words in the mark scheme are shown by a solidus eg allow smooth / free movement.
2.4 Any wording that is underlined is essential for the marking point to be awarded.
3

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 3. Marking points 3.1 Marking of lists This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which students have provided extra responses. The general principle to be followed in such a situation is that ‘right + wrong = wrong’. Each error / contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of errors / contradictions equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no marks can be awarded. However, responses considered to be neutral (indicated as * in example 1) are not penalised. Example 1: What is the pH of an acidic solution? [1 mark] Student Response Marks awarded 1 green, 5 0 2 red*, 5 1 3 red*, 8 0 Example 2: Name two magnetic materials. [2 marks] Student Response Marks awarded 1 iron, steel, tin 1 2 cobalt, nickel, nail* 2 3.2 Use of symbols / formulae If a student writes a chemical symbol / formula instead of a required chemical name, or uses symbols to denote quantities in a physics equation, full credit can be given if the symbol / formula is correct and if, in the context of the question, such action is appropriate. 3.3 Marking procedure for calculations Marks should be awarded for each stage of the calculation completed correctly, as students are instructed to show their working. At any point in a calculation students may omit steps from their working. If a subsequent step is given correctly, the relevant marks may be awarded. Full marks are not awarded for a correct final answer from incorrect working. 3.4 Interpretation of ‘it’ Answers using the word ‘it’ should be given credit only if it is clear that the ‘it’ refers to the correct subject. 4

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
3. Marking points
3.1 Marking of lists
This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which students have
provided extra responses. The general principle to be followed in such a situation is that
‘right + wrong = wrong’.
Each error / contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of errors /
contradictions equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no marks can be
awarded.
However, responses considered to be neutral (indicated as * in example 1) are not penalised.
Example 1: What is the pH of an acidic solution?
[1 mark]
Student Response Marks
awarded
1 green, 5 0
2 red*, 5 1
3 red*, 8 0
Example 2: Name two magnetic materials.
[2 marks]
Student Response Marks awarded
1 iron, steel, tin 1
2 cobalt, nickel, nail* 2
3.2 Use of symbols / formulae
If a student writes a chemical symbol / formula instead of a required chemical name, or uses
symbols to denote quantities in a physics equation, full credit can be given if the symbol / formula
is correct and if, in the context of the question, such action is appropriate.
3.3 Marking procedure for calculations
Marks should be awarded for each stage of the calculation completed correctly, as students are
instructed to show their working. At any point in a calculation students may omit steps from their
working. If a subsequent step is given correctly, the relevant marks may be awarded.
Full marks are not awarded for a correct final answer from incorrect working.
3.4 Interpretation of ‘it’
Answers using the word ‘it’ should be given credit only if it is clear that the ‘it’ refers to the correct
subject.
4

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 3.5 Errors carried forward An error can be carried forward from one question part to the next and is shown by the abbreviation ‘ecf’. Within an individual question part, an incorrect value in one step of a calculation does not prevent all of the subsequent marks being awarded. 3.6 Phonetic spelling Marks should be awarded if spelling is not correct but the intention is clear, unless there is a possible confusion with another technical term. 3.7 Brackets (…...) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded but is included to help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required. 3.8 Allow In the mark scheme additional information, ‘allow’ is used to indicate creditworthy alternative answers. 3.9 Ignore Ignore is used when the information given is irrelevant to the question or not enough to gain the marking point. Any further correct amplification could gain the marking point. 3.10 Do not accept Do not accept means that this is a wrong answer which, even if the correct answer is given as well, will still mean that the mark is not awarded. 3.11 Numbered answer lines Numbered lines on the question paper are intended to support the student to give the correct number of responses. The answer should still be marked as a whole. 4. Level of response marking instructions Extended response questions are marked on level of response mark schemes. • Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. • The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. • There are two marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer, read through the answer and, if necessary, annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. 5

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
3.5 Errors carried forward
An error can be carried forward from one question part to the next and is shown by the
abbreviation ‘ecf’.
Within an individual question part, an incorrect value in one step of a calculation does not prevent
all of the subsequent marks being awarded.
3.6 Phonetic spelling
Marks should be awarded if spelling is not correct but the intention is clear, unless there is a
possible confusion with another technical term.
3.7 Brackets
(…...) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded but is
included to help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required.
3.8 Allow
In the mark scheme additional information, ‘allow’ is used to indicate creditworthy
alternative answers.
3.9 Ignore
Ignore is used when the information given is irrelevant to the question or not enough to gain the
marking point. Any further correct amplification could gain the marking point.
3.10 Do not accept
Do not accept means that this is a wrong answer which, even if the correct answer is given as
well, will still mean that the mark is not awarded.
3.11 Numbered answer lines
Numbered lines on the question paper are intended to support the student to give the correct
number of responses. The answer should still be marked as a whole.
4. Level of response marking instructions
Extended response questions are marked on level of response mark schemes.
• Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor.
• The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level.
• There are two marks in each level.
Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer, read through the answer and, if
necessary, annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then
apply the mark scheme.
5

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Step 1: Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer. Do not look to penalise small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level. Use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 2 with a small amount of level 3 material it would be placed in level 2 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 3 content. Step 2: Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example. You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme. You should ignore any irrelevant points made. However, full marks can be awarded only if there are no incorrect statements that contradict a correct response. An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks. 6

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Step 1: Determine a level
Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets
the descriptor for that level.
The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s
answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this
level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice
and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower
levels of the mark scheme.
When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer. Do not look to penalise
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest.
If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best
fit approach for defining the level.
Use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is
predominantly level 2 with a small amount of level 3 material it would be placed in level 2 but be
awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 3 content.
Step 2: Determine a mark
Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to
allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help.
There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the
mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can
compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or
worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead
Examiner’s mark on the example.
You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points
and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.
Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.
You should ignore any irrelevant points made. However, full marks can be awarded only if there are
no incorrect statements that contradict a correct response.
An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.
6

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.1 a leaf 1 AO2 4.2.1 4.2.3.1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. if no answer given on answer 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.4 01.2 1 AO2 lines, allow an answer in Table 4.1.3.2 3 1 or RPA3 3.6 3 1.2 (grams) 1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.3 ring around − 32.4 (grams) table takes precedence 1 AO3 4.1.3.2 allow ( − ) 32.4 (grams) written by RPA3 question AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.4 did not include it allow ignored it 1 AO2 4.1.3.2 RPA3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.5 control variable 1 AO1 4.1.3.2 RPA3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.6 time in the salt solution 1 AO3 4.1.3.2 RPA3 7

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.1 a leaf 1 AO2
4.2.1
4.2.3.1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
if no answer given on answer
01.2 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.4 1 AO2
lines, allow an answer in Table
3 4.1.3.2
1
or RPA3
3.6
3
1.2 (grams) 1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.3 ring around − 32.4 (grams) table takes precedence 1 AO3
4.1.3.2
allow ( − ) 32.4 (grams) written by RPA3
question
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.4 did not include it allow ignored it 1 AO2
4.1.3.2
RPA3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.5 control variable 1 AO1
4.1.3.2
RPA3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.6 time in the salt solution 1 AO3
4.1.3.2
RPA3
7

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.7 osmosis 1 AO2 4.1.3.2 RPA3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.8 some particles 1 AO1 4.1.3.2 RPA3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 01.9 use more concentrations of salt 1 AO3 solution 4.1.3.2 RPA3 Total Question 1 10 8

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.7 osmosis 1 AO2
4.1.3.2
RPA3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.8 some particles 1 AO1
4.1.3.2
RPA3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
01.9 use more concentrations of salt 1 AO3
solution 4.1.3.2
RPA3
Total Question 1 10
8

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 2 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.1 pathogens 1 AO1 4.3.1.1 AO / Question Answers Mark Spec Ref. 02.2 AO1 4.3.1.6 1 1 do not accept more than one line from a box on the left AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.3 division 1 AO1 4.2.2.7 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.4 malignant tumours have cells 1 AO1 that can spread to other parts of 4.2.2.7 the body malignant tumours may form 1 secondary tumours AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.5 (percentage) decreases 1 AO3 4.2.2.7 4.2.2.5 9

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 2
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.1 pathogens 1 AO1
4.3.1.1
AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec Ref.
02.2 AO1
4.3.1.6
1
1
do not accept more than one line from a box on the left
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.3 division 1 AO1
4.2.2.7
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.4 malignant tumours have cells 1 AO1
that can spread to other parts of 4.2.2.7
the body
malignant tumours may form 1
secondary tumours
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.5 (percentage) decreases 1 AO3
4.2.2.7
4.2.2.5
9

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.6 more females were vaccinated allow males may also be 1 AO3 (over time) vaccinated 4.2.2.7 4.2.2.5 allow more people were vaccinated allow increased use of (named) barrier methods of contraception allow more awareness / education (about HPV) AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.7 white blood cells 1 AO1 4.3.1.7 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.8 antibodies 1 AO1 4.3.1.7 4.3.1.6 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 02.9 ignore pain of injection AO3 4.3.1.7 any one from: 1 • people are afraid of side / allow there are side effects unknown effects allow people think they cause (named) disease • religious / cultural objections ignore religion unqualified ignore moral / ethical objections • (some people) believe they don’t work • some people think (HPV) vaccine encourages sexual activity Total Question 2 11 10

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.6 more females were vaccinated allow males may also be 1 AO3
(over time) vaccinated 4.2.2.7
4.2.2.5
allow more people were
vaccinated
allow increased use of (named)
barrier methods of contraception
allow more awareness /
education (about HPV)
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.7 white blood cells 1 AO1
4.3.1.7
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.8 antibodies 1 AO1
4.3.1.7
4.3.1.6
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
02.9 ignore pain of injection AO3
4.3.1.7
any one from: 1
• people are afraid of side / allow there are side effects
unknown effects allow people think they cause
(named) disease
• religious / cultural objections ignore religion unqualified
ignore moral / ethical objections
• (some people) believe they
don’t work
• some people think (HPV)
vaccine encourages sexual
activity
Total Question 2 11
10

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.1 (lhs) allow word(s) take precedence AO1 over formulae 4.4.1.1 carbon dioxide 1 in either order water 1 (rhs) glucose 1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.2 (used in aerobic) respiration do not accept anaerobic 1 AO1 4.4.1.2 to release / transfer energy allow for energy 1 4.4.2.1 allow (respiration) by mitochondria do not accept energy created / made / produced 11

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.1 (lhs) allow word(s) take precedence AO1
over formulae 4.4.1.1
carbon dioxide 1
in either order
water 1
(rhs)
glucose 1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.2 (used in aerobic) respiration do not accept anaerobic 1 AO1
4.4.1.2
to release / transfer energy allow for energy 1 4.4.2.1
allow (respiration) by
mitochondria
do not accept energy created /
made / produced
11

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.3 mark in pairs AO2 4.4.1.2 any one pair from: RPA6 • bulb / lamp is hot 1 (so) may burn you / skin 1 • glassware is breakable (1) (so) may cut skin (1) • electricity in close proximity to allow named example of water (1) electrical item in close proximity to water (so) may get electric shock (1) • scissors / scalpel (to cut pondweed) are sharp (1) may cut skin (1) AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.4 (use a) water bath allow put beaker into (another) 1 AO2 beaker of water 4.4.1.2 RPA6 allow other correct methods eg heat shield allow use an LED 12

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.3 mark in pairs AO2
4.4.1.2
any one pair from:
RPA6
• bulb / lamp is hot 1
(so) may burn you / skin 1
• glassware is breakable (1)
(so) may cut skin (1)
• electricity in close proximity to allow named example of
water (1) electrical item in close proximity
to water
(so) may get electric shock (1)
• scissors / scalpel (to cut
pondweed) are sharp (1)
may cut skin (1)
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.4 (use a) water bath allow put beaker into (another) 1 AO2
beaker of water 4.4.1.2
RPA6
allow other correct methods eg
heat shield
allow use an LED
12

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.5 (change in) temperature affects / allow temperature is a limiting 1 AO2 changes (the rate of) factor (of photosynthesis) photosynthesis allow temperature affects enzyme (activity) allow temperature affects rate of reaction allow (so) will affect results 1 AO3 (so) will affect / change the 4.4.1.2 number of bubbles (produced) allow (so) will affect validity RPA6 ignore to make it fair ignore so the results will be the same AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.6 blue 1 AO3 4.4.1.2 RPA6 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.7 bar graph 1 AO3 4.4.1.2 RPA6 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.8 any one from: 1 AO3 4.4.1.2 • measuring cylinder RPA6 • (gas) syringe • burette 13

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.5 (change in) temperature affects / allow temperature is a limiting 1 AO2
changes (the rate of) factor (of photosynthesis)
photosynthesis
allow temperature affects
enzyme (activity)
allow temperature affects rate of
reaction
(so) will affect / change the allow (so) will affect results 1 AO3
number of bubbles (produced) 4.4.1.2
allow (so) will affect validity
RPA6
ignore to make it fair
ignore so the results will be the
same
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.6 blue 1 AO3
4.4.1.2
RPA6
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.7 bar graph 1 AO3
4.4.1.2
RPA6
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.8 any one from: 1 AO3
4.4.1.2
• measuring cylinder
RPA6
• (gas) syringe
• burette
13

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 03.9 as light (intensity) increases, allow positive correlation 1 AO3 rate / photosynthesis increases 4.4.1.2 (rate / photosynthesis increases) allow rate / photosynthesis 1 at the same rate as light increases linearly / evenly (intensity) allow description of shape of line eg straight / linear allow rate is (directly) proportional to light (intensity) for 2 marks Total Question 3 15 14

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
03.9 as light (intensity) increases, allow positive correlation 1 AO3
rate / photosynthesis increases
4.4.1.2
(rate / photosynthesis increases) allow rate / photosynthesis 1
at the same rate as light increases linearly / evenly
(intensity)
allow description of shape of line
eg straight / linear
allow rate is (directly)
proportional to light (intensity)
for 2 marks
Total Question 3 15
14

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 4 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.1 vector 1 AO1 4.3.1.5 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.2 any two from: 2 AO2 4.3.1.5 • (it has) mitochondria 4.1.1.1 if neither mark awarded, allow 1 mark for protist has membrane-bound structures • (it has a) nucleus allow it does not have a loop of DNA • (it has) no plasmids allow other appropriate features do not accept (it has) cytoplasm do not accept (it has) a (cell) membrane do not accept it has no cell wall AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.3 Salmonella 1 AO2 4.1.1.1 4.3.1.3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.4 only one parent is involved 1 AO1 4.3.1.5 4.6.1.1 15

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 4
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.1 vector 1 AO1
4.3.1.5
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.2 any two from: 2 AO2
4.3.1.5
• (it has) mitochondria
4.1.1.1
if neither mark awarded,
allow 1 mark for protist has
membrane-bound
structures
• (it has a) nucleus allow it does not have a loop
of DNA
• (it has) no plasmids
allow other appropriate features
do not accept (it has) cytoplasm
do not accept (it has) a (cell)
membrane
do not accept it has no cell wall
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.3 Salmonella 1 AO2
4.1.1.1
4.3.1.3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.4 only one parent is involved 1 AO1
4.3.1.5
4.6.1.1
15

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.5 14 1 AO2 4.3.1.5 4.1.2.2 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.6 decreased haemoglobin 1 AO2 4.3.1.5 4.2.2.3 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.7 allow alternative route AO2 4.3.1.5 allow correct conversion to standard form at any stage 210 million 210 000 000 allow 1 2 2 or or 105 000 000 105 million 105 000 000 × 3 allow 105 million × 3 1 315 000 000 allow 315 million 1 3.15 × 10 8 1 16

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.5 14 1 AO2
4.3.1.5
4.1.2.2
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.6 decreased haemoglobin 1 AO2
4.3.1.5
4.2.2.3
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.7 allow alternative route AO2
4.3.1.5
allow correct conversion to
standard form at any stage
210 000 000 210 million
allow 1
2 2
or
or
105 000 000 105 million
105 000 000 × 3 allow 105 million × 3 1
315 000 000 allow 315 million 1
3.15 × 10 8 1
16

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.8 ignore vaccination / anti-malarial AO2 drugs 4.3.1.5 any two from: 2 • wear long(er) sleeves / allow reduce bare skin exposure clothes • use insect repellent or allow insect repellent methods insecticides such as citronella candles • don’t go out in the evening allow close doors / windows in the evening • avoid going to countries / places with malaria / mosquitos • destroy breeding grounds allow methods of destroying breeding grounds such as drain water holes • release sterile male mosquitos allow other correct suggestions AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 04.9 percentage / chance (of getting do not accept percentage / 1 AO3 malaria) decreases (with age) chance of having disorder S 4.2.2.5 decreases with age 4.3.1.5 correct use of data such as two 1 pairs of data from Table 4 allow use of processed data Total Question 4 15 17

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.8 ignore vaccination / anti-malarial AO2
drugs 4.3.1.5
any two from: 2
• wear long(er) sleeves / allow reduce bare skin exposure
clothes
• use insect repellent or allow insect repellent methods
insecticides such as citronella candles
• don’t go out in the evening allow close doors / windows in
the evening
• avoid going to countries /
places with malaria /
mosquitos
• destroy breeding grounds allow methods of destroying
breeding grounds such as drain
water holes
• release sterile male
mosquitos
allow other correct suggestions
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
04.9 percentage / chance (of getting do not accept percentage / 1 AO3
malaria) decreases (with age) chance of having disorder S 4.2.2.5
decreases with age 4.3.1.5
correct use of data such as two 1
pairs of data from Table 4
allow use of processed data
Total Question 4 15
17

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 5 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.1 any one from: 1 AO1 4.1.2.2 • growth allow replacement (of old cells) • development allow for repair allow to heal wounds AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.2 amino acids 1 AO1 4.2.2.1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.3 Biuret reagent 1 AO1 4.2.2.1 RPA4 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.4 purple 1 AO1 4.2.2.1 RPA4 AO / Question Answers Mark Spec Ref. 05.5 AO1 4.2.2.1 1 1 do not accept more than one line from a box on the left 18

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 5
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.1 any one from: 1 AO1
4.1.2.2
• growth allow replacement (of old cells)
• development allow for repair
allow to heal wounds
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.2 amino acids 1 AO1
4.2.2.1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.3 Biuret reagent 1 AO1
4.2.2.1
RPA4
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.4 purple 1 AO1
4.2.2.1
RPA4
AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec Ref.
05.5 AO1
4.2.2.1
1
1
do not accept more than one line from a box on the left
18

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.6 9 allow answer in the range 8.5 to 1 AO3 9.5 4.2.2.1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.7 allow acid or low pH for pH 2 throughout AO2 fastest breakdown is at pH 2 1 allow maximum / most breakdown is at pH2 allow works best at pH 2 allow (it / pH2) is the optimum pH allow a tolerance of ± 0.5 pH units stomach has (hydrochloric) acid AO1 1 4.2.2.1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 05.8 active site 1 AO2 4.2.2.1 substrate 1 19

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.6 9 allow answer in the range 8.5 to 1 AO3
9.5 4.2.2.1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.7 allow acid or low pH for pH 2
throughout
AO2
fastest breakdown is at pH 2 allow maximum / most 1
breakdown is at pH2
allow works best at pH 2
allow (it / pH2) is the optimum
pH
allow a tolerance of ± 0.5 pH
units
stomach has (hydrochloric) acid 1 AO1
4.2.2.1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
05.8 active site 1 AO2
4.2.2.1
substrate 1
19

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Mark Spec Ref. 05.9 Level 3: The method would lead to the production of a valid 5-6 AO2 outcome. The key steps are identified and logically sequenced. 4.2.2.1 RPA4 Level 2 : The method would not necessarily lead to a valid RPA5 3-4 outcome. Most steps are identified, but the method is not fully logically sequenced. Level 1: The method would not lead to a valid outcome. Some 1-2 relevant steps are identified, but links are not made clear. No relevant content. 0 Indicative Content: • add iodine solution to spotting tile • use measuring cylinder • (to) add amylase (solution), pH solution and starch (solution) together • start the timer • use pipette • (to) remove a drop of mixture at regular intervals (e.g. every 30 seconds) • add drop of mixture to iodine (solution) • if starch is present, mixture and iodine (solution) turns blue / black • continue until the iodine (solution) and the mixture remain yellow / orange / brown • record the time taken for the mixture to remain orange • repeat at different pH • compare times at each pH (control variables): • volume of starch (solution) / amylase (solution) / pH solution / iodine (solution) • concentration of starch (solution) / amylase (solution) / pH solution / iodine (solution) • temperature for Level 3 reference to control variables in an investigation involving different pHs is required for Level 2 students must describe the mixing of amylase, starch and a buffer at different pH values Total Question 5 17 20

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec Ref.
05.9 Level 3: The method would lead to the production of a valid 5-6 AO2
outcome. The key steps are identified and logically sequenced.
4.2.2.1
RPA4
Level 2 : The method would not necessarily lead to a valid 3-4 RPA5
outcome. Most steps are identified, but the method is not fully
logically sequenced.
Level 1: The method would not lead to a valid outcome. Some 1-2
relevant steps are identified, but links are not made clear.
No relevant content. 0
Indicative Content:
• add iodine solution to spotting tile
• use measuring cylinder
• (to) add amylase (solution), pH solution and starch (solution)
together
• start the timer
• use pipette
• (to) remove a drop of mixture at regular intervals (e.g. every 30
seconds)
• add drop of mixture to iodine (solution)
• if starch is present, mixture and iodine (solution) turns blue /
black
• continue until the iodine (solution) and the mixture remain
yellow / orange / brown
• record the time taken for the mixture to remain orange
• repeat at different pH
• compare times at each pH
(control variables):
• volume of starch (solution) / amylase (solution) / pH solution /
iodine (solution)
• concentration of starch (solution) / amylase (solution) / pH
solution / iodine (solution)
• temperature
for Level 3 reference to control variables in an investigation
involving different pHs is required
for Level 2 students must describe the mixing of amylase, starch
and a buffer at different pH values
Total Question 5 17
20

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 6 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.1 a group of the same / similar ignore a group of cells 1 AO1 cells unqualified 4.2.1 or a group of cells with a (similar / ignore examples of tissue specific) function functions AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.2 meristem (tissue) 1 AO1 4.1.1.4 4.1.2.3 4.2.3.1 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.3 willow ignore named parts of willow 1 AO1 4.3.1.9 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.4 any one from: AO3 1 4.2.3.1 • (berries are) easy to access / ignore berries are not pick underground • easier to extract chemical • taking berries will not harm allow taking leaves / roots might the plant damage / kill the plant (so it cannot produce more chemical) allow idea that the lower mass / amount (of chemical) will be less toxic / harmful allow greater mass of berries than of leaves / roots 21

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 6
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.1 a group of the same / similar ignore a group of cells 1 AO1
cells unqualified 4.2.1
or
a group of cells with a (similar / ignore examples of tissue
specific) function functions
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.2 meristem (tissue) 1 AO1
4.1.1.4
4.1.2.3
4.2.3.1
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.3 willow ignore named parts of willow 1 AO1
4.3.1.9
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.4 any one from: 1 AO3
4.2.3.1
• (berries are) easy to access / ignore berries are not
pick underground
• easier to extract chemical
• taking berries will not harm allow taking leaves / roots might
the plant damage / kill the plant (so it
cannot produce more chemical)
allow idea that the lower mass /
amount (of chemical) will be less
toxic / harmful
allow greater mass of berries
than of leaves / roots
21

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. allow conversion to mg at any 06.5 AO2 point in calculation 4.3.3.1 (0.6 × 1.2 =) 0.72 1 (0.72 × 2 =) 1.44 1 1.44 × 1000 allow conversion of a correct 1 mass calculated for berries / roots 1440 (mg) allow a correct answer using an 1 incorrect conversion factor of a multiple of 10 alternative route (2 × 1.2 =) 2.4 (1) (2.4 × 0.6 =) 1.44 (1) 1.44 × 1000 (1) 1440 (mg) (1) AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.6 any one from: 1 AO1 4.3.3.1 allow lack of chloroplasts • lack of chlorophyll 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.4 • lack of magnesium (ions) allow lack of mineral (ions) or named example such as iron / nitrate / potassium / zinc (ions) ignore lack of nutrients / nitrogen allow lack of water allow incorrect pH of soil allow acidic / alkaline soil allow (named) infection allow lack of light allow other correct suggestions 22

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
allow conversion to mg at any
06.5 AO2
point in calculation
4.3.3.1
(0.6 × 1.2 =) 0.72 1
(0.72 × 2 =) 1.44 1
1.44 × 1000 allow conversion of a correct 1
mass calculated for berries /
roots
1440 (mg) allow a correct answer using an 1
incorrect conversion factor of a
multiple of 10
alternative route
(2 × 1.2 =) 2.4 (1)
(2.4 × 0.6 =) 1.44 (1)
1.44 × 1000 (1)
1440 (mg) (1)
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.6 any one from: 1 AO1
allow lack of chloroplasts 4.3.3.1
• lack of chlorophyll
4.3.1.2
4.3.1.4
• lack of magnesium (ions) allow lack of mineral (ions) or
named example such as iron /
nitrate / potassium / zinc (ions)
ignore lack of nutrients /
nitrogen
allow lack of water
allow incorrect pH of soil
allow acidic / alkaline soil
allow (named) infection
allow lack of light
allow other correct suggestions
22

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.7 any two from: 2 AO1 4.3.1.9 • to check toxicity allow to check it is safe allow to check for side effects allow to check it is not poisonous / dangerous / harmful allow to check how much is • to check dosage needed • to check its efficacy allow to check it works allow to check it does not interact with other drugs AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.8 (writers / companies may get) 1 AO3 financial gain 4.3.1.9 or (competitor may suffer) financial loss ignore because the report has not been peer reviewed ignore have not used a double- blind trial AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 06.9 have the claims peer reviewed 1 AO1 4.3.1.9 Total Question 1 13 23

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.7 any two from: 2 AO1
4.3.1.9
• to check toxicity allow to check it is safe
allow to check for side effects
allow to check it is not
poisonous / dangerous / harmful
• to check dosage allow to check how much is
needed
• to check its efficacy allow to check it works
allow to check it does not
interact with other drugs
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.8 (writers / companies may get) 1 AO3
financial gain 4.3.1.9
or
(competitor may suffer) financial
loss
ignore because the report has
not been peer reviewed
ignore have not used a double-
blind trial
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
06.9 have the claims peer reviewed 1 AO1
4.3.1.9
Total Question 1 13
23

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 Question 7 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.1 A 1 AO1 4.2.2.2 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.2 C 1 AO1 4.2.2.2 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.3 right atrium 1 AO1 4.2.2.2 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. allow converse if clearly 07.4 AO1 referring to a vein 4.2.2.2 any two from: 2 • (artery) has a thick er muscle if neither mark awarded (tissue) allow 1 mark for artery • (artery) has a thick er elastic has a thick er wall (tissue) allow description of lumen • (artery) has a narrow er lumen • (artery) does not contain valves 24

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
Question 7
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.1 A 1 AO1
4.2.2.2
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.2 C 1 AO1
4.2.2.2
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.3 right atrium 1 AO1
4.2.2.2
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
allow converse if clearly
07.4 AO1
referring to a vein
4.2.2.2
any two from: 2
• (artery) has a thick er muscle
if neither mark awarded
(tissue)
allow 1 mark for artery
• (artery) has a thick er elastic has a thick er wall
(tissue)
allow description of lumen
• (artery) has a narrow er lumen
• (artery) does not contain
valves
24

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.5 as the percentage of the allow converse 1 AO2 (coronary) artery that is blocked 4.2.2.2 allow the greater the blockage, increases, blood flow decreases the less blood flows allow negative correlation or inversely proportional allow as one increases, the other decreases AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.6 scale on y-axis must take up at least 50% of 1 AO2 axis 4.2.2.2 all points plotted allow 3 or 4 correct plots for 1 2 mark allow a tolerance of ± ½ small square correct curved line of best fit ignore line joined point to point 1 with straight lines ignore extrapolation AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.7 correct answer from student's allow a tolerance of ± ½ small 1 AO3 square line in Figure 7 4.2.2.2 if no line drawn on Figure 7 , allow a value from 18 to 24 (cm 3 /minute) 25

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.5 as the percentage of the allow converse 1 AO2
(coronary) artery that is blocked 4.2.2.2
allow the greater the blockage,
increases, blood flow decreases
the less blood flows
allow negative correlation or
inversely proportional
allow as one increases, the
other decreases
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.6 scale on y-axis must take up at least 50% of 1 AO2
axis
4.2.2.2
all points plotted allow 3 or 4 correct plots for 1 2
mark
allow a tolerance of ± ½ small
square
correct curved line of best fit ignore line joined point to point 1
with straight lines
ignore extrapolation
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.7 correct answer from student's allow a tolerance of ± ½ small 1 AO3
line in Figure 7 square 4.2.2.2
if no line drawn on Figure 7 ,
allow a value from 18 to 24
(cm 3 /minute)
25

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Mark Spec Ref. 07.8 Level 3 : Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, given in 5-6 AO1 detail and logically linked to form a clear account. AO2 4.2.2.2 Level 2 : Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, and 3-4 4.2.2.4 there are attempts at logical linking. The resulting account is not 4.4.2.1 fully clear. 4.4.2.2 Level 1 : Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance 1-2 is not clear and there is no attempt at logical linking. No relevant content. 0 Indicative content: • reduced blood flow to heart (muscle / tissue / cells) • (so) less oxygen to heart (muscle / tissue / cells) • (so) less glucose to heart (muscle / tissue / cells) • (so) less (aerobic) respiration (in heart / body cells) • (more) anaerobic respiration • (so) less energy (released) • (so) less muscle contraction • (so) less blood / oxygen / glucose around the body (from heart) or slower flow of blood / oxygen / glucose to body (from heart) • less carbon dioxide removed from body (muscle / tissue / cells) • (resulting in) breathlessness • (resulting in) tiredness • (anaerobic respiration causes) production of lactic acid • (build-up of lactic acid) causes muscle fatigue / pain or chest pain For Level 3 , students must explain the effect of reduced oxygen / glucose on respiration or energy release and its consequence 26

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec Ref.
07.8 Level 3 : Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, given in 5-6 AO1
detail and logically linked to form a clear account.
AO2
4.2.2.2
Level 2 : Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, and 3-4 4.2.2.4
there are attempts at logical linking. The resulting account is not
4.4.2.1
fully clear.
4.4.2.2
Level 1 : Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance 1-2
is not clear and there is no attempt at logical linking.
No relevant content. 0
Indicative content:
• reduced blood flow to heart (muscle / tissue / cells)
• (so) less oxygen to heart (muscle / tissue / cells)
• (so) less glucose to heart (muscle / tissue / cells)
• (so) less (aerobic) respiration (in heart / body cells)
• (more) anaerobic respiration
• (so) less energy (released)
• (so) less muscle contraction
• (so) less blood / oxygen / glucose around the body (from heart)
or slower flow of blood / oxygen / glucose to body (from heart)
• less carbon dioxide removed from body (muscle / tissue / cells)
• (resulting in) breathlessness
• (resulting in) tiredness
• (anaerobic respiration causes) production of lactic acid
• (build-up of lactic acid) causes muscle fatigue / pain or chest
pain
For Level 3 , students must explain the effect of reduced oxygen /
glucose on respiration or energy release and its consequence
26

PMT MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023 AO / Question Answers Extra information Mark Spec Ref. 07.9 any one pair from: mark as a pair AO1 4.2.2.4 • (insert) stent(s) allow description 1 (to) open (coronary) artery ignore unblock (coronary) artery 1 • (prescribe) statins (1) (to) reduce (blood) allow to slow down the rate of cholesterol (1) fatty material deposit • heart (and lung) transplant (1) (to) replace the diseased heart with a healthy heart (1) • use an artificial heart (1) (to) keep the patient alive allow (artificial heart) while waiting for a transplant pumps blood around the (1) body in place of the heart • (artery / heart) bypass (1) allow description (to) divert blood around the blockage (1) Total Question 7 19 27

PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/1F – JUNE 2023
AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec Ref.
07.9 any one pair from: mark as a pair AO1
4.2.2.4
• (insert) stent(s) allow description 1
(to) open (coronary) artery ignore unblock (coronary) artery 1
• (prescribe) statins (1)
(to) reduce (blood) allow to slow down the rate of
cholesterol (1) fatty material deposit
• heart (and lung) transplant (1)
(to) replace the diseased
heart with a healthy heart (1)
• use an artificial heart (1)
(to) keep the patient alive allow (artificial heart)
while waiting for a transplant pumps blood around the
(1) body in place of the heart
• (artery / heart) bypass (1) allow description
(to) divert blood around the
blockage (1)
Total Question 7 19
27

June 2023 MS