PMT Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. F GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 1F Friday 10 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For Examiner’s Use For this paper you must have: • a ruler Question Mark • a scientific calculator. 1 Instructions 2 • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3 • Pencil should only be used for drawing. 4 • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 5 • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6 this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7 • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 8 to be marked. • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. TOTAL Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. * JUN2484611F01 * 8461/1F IB/M/Jun24/E15

PMT
Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
F
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Foundation Tier Paper 1F
Friday 10 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a ruler
Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1
Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Pencil should only be used for drawing.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
5
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
8
to be marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. TOTAL
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.
* JUN2484611F01 * 8461/1F
IB/M/Jun24/E15

PMT 2 Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 Plants are made of different tissues. 0 1 . 1 Which term describes a group of tissues working together? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Organ Organism Organ system Figure 1 shows the tissues in a leaf. Figure 1 * 02 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
2
Do not write
outside the
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
0 1 Plants are made of different tissues.
0 1 . 1 Which term describes a group of tissues working together?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Organ
Organism
Organ system
Figure 1 shows the tissues in a leaf.
Figure 1
* 02 *
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PMT 3 Do not write outside the 0 1 . 2 Draw one line from each leaf tissue to an important feature of the tissue. box [ 2 mark s ] Leaf tissue Feature Contains many air spaces Palisade mesophyll Contains the most chloroplasts Spongy mesophyll Made of dead cells 0 1 . 3 Xylem tissue transports water to the leaves. Which term describes the loss of water from the leaves? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration 0 1 . 4 Which substance strengthens xylem tissue? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Glucose Lignin Starch Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 03 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
3
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 2 Draw one line from each leaf tissue to an important feature of the tissue. box
[ 2 mark s ]
Leaf tissue Feature
Contains many air spaces
Palisade mesophyll
Contains the most chloroplasts
Spongy mesophyll
Made of dead cells
0 1 . 3 Xylem tissue transports water to the leaves.
Which term describes the loss of water from the leaves?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Transpiration
0 1 . 4 Which substance strengthens xylem tissue?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Glucose
Lignin
Starch
Question 1 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 03 *
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PMT 4 Do not write outside the Figure 1 is repeated below. box Figure 1 0 1 . 5 The upper epidermis is transparent. Explain why the upper epidermis needs to be transparent. Use Figure 1 . [ 2 mark s ] * 04 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
4
Do not write
outside the
Figure 1 is repeated below. box
Figure 1
0 1 . 5 The upper epidermis is transparent.
Explain why the upper epidermis needs to be transparent.
Use Figure 1 .
[ 2 mark s ]
* 04 *
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PMT 5 Do not write outside the 0 1 . 6 Complete the sentences. box Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] chloroplasts guard cells meristems stomata The p ores in the lower epidermis of a leaf are called . The opening and closing of the pores in the lower epidermis is controlled by . Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 05 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
5
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 6 Complete the sentences. box
Choose answers from the box.
[2 marks]
chloroplasts guard cells meristems stomata
The p ores in the lower epidermis of a leaf are called .
The opening and closing of the pores in the lower epidermis is controlled
by .
Question 1 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 05 *
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PMT 6 Do not write outside the Figure 2 shows two cells from phloem tissue . box Figure 2 Figure 2 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions. It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the following publication: Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J Cronshaw 0 1 . 7 Part A in Figure 2 contains cell sap. Name part A in Figure 2 . [1 mark] * 06 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
6
Do not write
outside the
Figure 2 shows two cells from phloem tissue . box
Figure 2
Figure 2 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.
It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the
following publication:
Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum
and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J
Cronshaw
0 1 . 7 Part A in Figure 2 contains cell sap.
Name part A in Figure 2 .
[1 mark]
* 06 *
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PMT 7 Do not write outside the Sugars move from cell Y into cell X against the concentration gradient. box Energy is needed to move sugars against the concentration gradient. 0 1 . 8 Which process moves sugars against the concentration gradient ? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Active transport Diffusion Osmosis 0 1 . 9 Which cell structures are needed to provide energy to move sugars ? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Chloroplasts Chromosomes Mitochondria 12 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 07 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
7
Do not write
outside the
Sugars move from cell Y into cell X against the concentration gradient. box
Energy is needed to move sugars against the concentration gradient.
0 1 . 8 Which process moves sugars against the concentration gradient ?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
0 1 . 9 Which cell structures are needed to provide energy to move sugars ?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Chloroplasts
Chromosomes
Mitochondria 12
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 07 *
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PMT 8 Do not write outside the 0 2 Pathogens cause disease. box 0 2 . 1 How does the skin defend the human body against pathogens ? [1 mark] The stomach contains acid to kill pathogens. A scientist investigated the effect of acid on the survival of bacteria. This is the method used. 1. Prepare four test tubes each with 10 cm 3 of culture solution. 2. Use acid to adjust the pH of the solutions to be pH1, pH2, pH3 and pH5 3. Add 1 cm 3 of bacteria mixture to each test tube. 4. Take a 0.1 cm 3 sample from each test tube and record the number of live bacteria. 5. Keep the test tubes at 37 °C for 24 hours. 6. Repeat step 4. Table 1 shows some of the results. Table 1 Number of live bacteria Time in hours pH1 pH2 pH3 pH5 0 210 210 210 216 24 23 X 63 185 * 08 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
8
Do not write
outside the
0 2 Pathogens cause disease. box
0 2 . 1 How does the skin defend the human body against pathogens ?
[1 mark]
The stomach contains acid to kill pathogens.
A scientist investigated the effect of acid on the survival of bacteria.
This is the method used.
1. Prepare four test tubes each with 10 cm 3 of culture solution.
2. Use acid to adjust the pH of the solutions to be pH1, pH2, pH3 and pH5
3. Add 1 cm 3 of bacteria mixture to each test tube.
4. Take a 0.1 cm 3 sample from each test tube and record the number of live bacteria.
5. Keep the test tubes at 37 °C for 24 hours.
6. Repeat step 4.
Table 1 shows some of the results.
Table 1
Number of live bacteria
Time in
hours
pH1 pH2 pH3 pH5
0 210 210 210 216
24 23 X 63 185
* 08 *
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PMT 9 Do not write outside the 0 2 . 2 What fraction of the bacteria present at 0 hours for pH3 survived for 24 hours? box Give your answer in its simplest form. [2 marks] Fraction surviving = 0 2 . 3 How many more bacteria were killed at pH1 than at pH5 in 24 hours? Complete the following steps. [3 marks] Calculate the number of bacteria killed at pH1 Calculate the number of bacteria killed at pH5 Calculate how many more bacteria were killed at pH1 than at pH5 Number = 0 2 . 4 A student calculated value X in Table 1 to be 43 Suggest how the student calculated this value. [ 2 mark s ] 8 Turn over ► * 09 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
9
Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 2 What fraction of the bacteria present at 0 hours for pH3 survived for 24 hours? box
Give your answer in its simplest form.
[2 marks]
Fraction surviving =
0 2 . 3 How many more bacteria were killed at pH1 than at pH5 in 24 hours?
Complete the following steps.
[3 marks]
Calculate the number of bacteria killed at pH1
Calculate the number of bacteria killed at pH5
Calculate how many more bacteria were killed at pH1 than at pH5
Number =
0 2 . 4 A student calculated value X in Table 1 to be 43
Suggest how the student calculated this value.
[ 2 mark s ]
8
Turn over ►
* 09 *
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PMT 10 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 10 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
10
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
* 10 *
IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT 11 Do not write outside the 0 3 Measles is caused by a virus. box 0 3 . 1 The measles vaccine is given to children to prevent them becoming ill with measles. Draw one line from each blood component to its function when someone is vaccinated against measles. [ 2 mark s ] Blood component Function Help clot the blood where the vaccine was injected Platelets Produce antibodies to the measles virus Produce the measles skin rash White blood cells Transport oxygen to the measles virus Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 11 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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11
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0 3 Measles is caused by a virus. box
0 3 . 1 The measles vaccine is given to children to prevent them becoming ill with measles.
Draw one line from each blood component to its function when someone is
vaccinated against measles.
[ 2 mark s ]
Blood component Function
Help clot the blood where the vaccine was injected
Platelets
Produce antibodies to the measles virus
Produce the measles skin rash
White blood cells
Transport oxygen to the measles virus
Question 3 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 11 *
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PMT 12 Do not write outside the Figure 3 shows information about trends in the UK for: box • percentage of children vaccinated • the number of people with measles. Figure 3 * 12 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
12
Do not write
outside the
Figure 3 shows information about trends in the UK for: box
• percentage of children vaccinated
• the number of people with measles.
Figure 3
* 12 *
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PMT 13 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 2 What year was the measles vaccine first used? box Use Figure 3 . [ 1 mark] 0 3 . 3 Describe the trend in the number of people with measles from 1945 to 1975. Use Figure 3 . [ 3 marks] In 1998 , a scientific paper was published suggesting a link between condition X and one type of measles vaccine. 0 3 . 4 What happened to the percentage of children vaccinated against measles after the scientific paper was published in 1998? Use Figure 3 . [1 mark] Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 13 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
13
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outside the
0 3 . 2 What year was the measles vaccine first used? box
Use Figure 3 .
[ 1 mark]
0 3 . 3 Describe the trend in the number of people with measles from 1945 to 1975.
Use Figure 3 .
[ 3 marks]
In 1998 , a scientific paper was published suggesting a link between condition X and
one type of measles vaccine.
0 3 . 4 What happened to the percentage of children vaccinated against measles after the
scientific paper was published in 1998?
Use Figure 3 .
[1 mark]
Question 3 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 13 *
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PMT 14 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 5 Why might the claims made in the scientific paper have affected the percentage of box children vaccinated? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. The measles pathogen did not exist in the UK anymore. Parents were worried their children would get condition X . The health service in the UK did not have any vaccines. 0 3 . 6 In 2010, the scientific paper linking condition X and the measles vaccine was shown to be based on false claims. What should scientists do with scientific research to help detect false claims? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Have the research peer reviewed. Publish the research on the internet. Send a research questionnaire to the public. 0 3 . 7 The person who wrote the scientific paper was paid to research the link between condition X and the measles vaccine. Why are the claims in the scientific paper likely to be considered not valid? [1 mark] 10 * 14 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
14
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 5 Why might the claims made in the scientific paper have affected the percentage of box
children vaccinated?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
The measles pathogen did not exist in the UK anymore.
Parents were worried their children would get condition X .
The health service in the UK did not have any vaccines.
0 3 . 6 In 2010, the scientific paper linking condition X and the measles vaccine was shown
to be based on false claims.
What should scientists do with scientific research to help detect false claims?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Have the research peer reviewed.
Publish the research on the internet.
Send a research questionnaire to the public.
0 3 . 7 The person who wrote the scientific paper was paid to research the link between
condition X and the measles vaccine.
Why are the claims in the scientific paper likely to be considered not valid?
[1 mark]
10
* 14 *
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PMT 15 Do not write outside the 0 4 Starch and sugar are two types of carbohydrate. box 0 4 . 1 Describe the chemical tests that a student could use to show if bread contains: • starch • sugar. You should include the results of a positive test and a negative test for each type of carbohydrate. [ 4 mark s ] Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 15 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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15
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outside the
0 4 Starch and sugar are two types of carbohydrate. box
0 4 . 1 Describe the chemical tests that a student could use to show if bread contains:
• starch
• sugar.
You should include the results of a positive test and a negative test for each type
of carbohydrate.
[ 4 mark s ]
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 15 *
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PMT 16 Do not write outside the A student investigated three types of bread. box For each type of bread, the student: • put a square piece of bread into their mouth • did not chew the bread • recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Time taken for bread to Type of bread taste sweet in seconds Brown 43 White 35 Wholemeal 57 0 4 . 2 Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] amylase fat lipase protease sugar The starch in the bread was broken down by the enzyme . The enzyme broke down the starch into . * 16 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
16
Do not write
outside the
A student investigated three types of bread. box
For each type of bread, the student:
• put a square piece of bread into their mouth
• did not chew the bread
• recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet.
Table 2 shows the results.
Table 2
Time taken for bread to
Type of bread
taste sweet in seconds
Brown 43
White 35
Wholemeal 57
0 4 . 2 Complete the sentences.
Choose answers from the box.
[2 marks]
amylase fat lipase protease sugar
The starch in the bread was broken down by the
enzyme .
The enzyme broke down the starch into .
* 16 *
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PMT 17 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 3 What was the independent variable in the investigation? box [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. The size of the piece of bread The temperature of the mouth The type of bread 0 4 . 4 Give two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 2 . [ 2 mark s ] 1 2 Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 17 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
17
Do not write
outside the
0 4 . 3 What was the independent variable in the investigation? box
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
The size of the piece of bread
The temperature of the mouth
The type of bread
0 4 . 4 Give two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 2 .
[ 2 mark s ]
1
2
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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PMT 18 Do not write outside the Table 2 is repeated below. box Table 2 Time taken for bread to Type of bread taste sweet in seconds Brown 43 White 35 Wholemeal 57 The student improved the investigation. Table 3 shows the results. Table 3 Time taken for bread to taste sweet in seconds Type of bread Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean Brown 38 43 45 42 White 35 31 39 35 Wholemeal 58 55 61 X 0 4 . 5 What did the student do to improve the investigation ? Use Table 2 and Table 3 . [ 2 mark s ] * 18 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
18
Do not write
outside the
Table 2 is repeated below. box
Table 2
Time taken for bread to
Type of bread
taste sweet in seconds
Brown 43
White 35
Wholemeal 57
The student improved the investigation.
Table 3 shows the results.
Table 3
Time taken for bread to
taste sweet in seconds
Type of bread
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean
Brown 38 43 45 42
White 35 31 39 35
Wholemeal 58 55 61 X
0 4 . 5 What did the student do to improve the investigation ?
Use Table 2 and Table 3 .
[ 2 mark s ]
* 18 *
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PMT 19 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 6 Calculate value X in Table 3 . box [ 2 mark s ] X = seconds 0 4 . 7 Why should the student do the investigation with more people? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Each person’s sense of taste is different. More people would make the investigation safer. There are many different types of bread. 14 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 19 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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19
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outside the
0 4 . 6 Calculate value X in Table 3 . box
[ 2 mark s ]
X = seconds
0 4 . 7 Why should the student do the investigation with more people?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Each person’s sense of taste is different.
More people would make the investigation safer.
There are many different types of bread.
14
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 19 *
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PMT 20 Do not write outside the 0 5 Cancer occurs when there is uncontrolled cell division . box 0 5 . 1 Which two factors can cause cancer? [ 2 mark s ] Tick (  ) two boxes. Antibiotics Ionising radiation Monoclonal antibodies Salmonella Viruses 0 5 . 2 What type of cell division occurs in cancerous cells? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Binary fission Fertilisation Mitosis * 20 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
20
Do not write
outside the
0 5 Cancer occurs when there is uncontrolled cell division . box
0 5 . 1 Which two factors can cause cancer?
[ 2 mark s ]
Tick (  ) two boxes.
Antibiotics
Ionising radiation
Monoclonal antibodies
Salmonella
Viruses
0 5 . 2 What type of cell division occurs in cancerous cells?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Binary fission
Fertilisation
Mitosis
* 20 *
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PMT 21 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 3 Complete the sentences. box Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] decrease fertilise grow replicate Before a cell divides, the cell needs to . Before a cell divides, the DNA in the nucleus needs to . Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 21 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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21
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 3 Complete the sentences. box
Choose answers from the box.
[2 marks]
decrease fertilise grow replicate
Before a cell divides, the cell needs to .
Before a cell divides, the DNA in the nucleus needs to .
Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 21 *
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PMT 22 Do not write outside the Figure 4 shows the cell cycle. box Figure 4 0 5 . 4 What percentage of the time taken for the cell cycle does the cell growth stage take? Use Figure 4 . [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. 10% 20% 40% 90% 0 5 . 5 What happens during stage X of the cell cycle in Figure 4 ? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell. The cell increases in size and mass. The number of mitochondria increases. * 22 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
22
Do not write
outside the
Figure 4 shows the cell cycle. box
Figure 4
0 5 . 4 What percentage of the time taken for the cell cycle does the cell growth stage take?
Use Figure 4 .
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
10% 20% 40% 90%
0 5 . 5 What happens during stage X of the cell cycle in Figure 4 ?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell.
The cell increases in size and mass.
The number of mitochondria increases.
* 22 *
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PMT 23 Do not write outside the Figure 5 shows an animal cell during cell division. box Figure 5 0 5 . 6 Name structure Z in F igure 5 . [ 1 mark] Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 23 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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23
Do not write
outside the
Figure 5 shows an animal cell during cell division. box
Figure 5
0 5 . 6 Name structure Z in F igure 5 .
[ 1 mark]
Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 23 *
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PMT 24 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 7 The image of the cell in Figure 5 : box • is magnified 800 times • has a width of 50 mm. Calculate the real width of the cell in Figure 5 . Give your answer in micrometres (μm). Use the equation: width of image of cell real width of cell = magnification 1 mm = 1000 μm [ 3 marks] Real width of cell = μm * 24 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
24
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outside the
0 5 . 7 The image of the cell in Figure 5 : box
• is magnified 800 times
• has a width of 50 mm.
Calculate the real width of the cell in Figure 5 .
Give your answer in micrometres (μm).
Use the equation:
width of image of cell
real width of cell =
magnification
1 mm = 1000 μm
[ 3 marks]
Real width of cell = μm
* 24 *
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PMT 25 Do not write outside the Some drugs can treat cancer. box 0 5 . 8 Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [2 marks] cells people plants viruses Preclinical testing of cancer drugs i s done using . To check if the drug is safe, the drug is tested on . 0 5 . 9 In drug trials some patients are given a tablet which does not contain the drug. What name is given to the tablet that does not contain the drug? [1 mark] 14 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 25 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
25
Do not write
outside the
Some drugs can treat cancer. box
0 5 . 8 Complete the sentences.
Choose answers from the box.
[2 marks]
cells people plants viruses
Preclinical testing of cancer drugs i s done using .
To check if the drug is safe, the drug is tested on .
0 5 . 9 In drug trials some patients are given a tablet which does not contain the drug.
What name is given to the tablet that does not contain the drug?
[1 mark]
14
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 25 *
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PMT 26 Do not write outside the 0 6 A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of salt solution on the box mass of uncooked pieces of potato. This is the method used. 1. Cut four pieces of a potato to the same size. 2. Record the mass of each piece of potato. 3. Put one of the pieces of potato into a beaker containing 100 cm 3 of 0.1 mol/dm 3 salt solution. 4. Repeat step 3 using the other pieces of potato, each in a different concentration of salt solution. 5. After 20 minutes, remove the pieces of potato from the solutions. 6. Record the mass of each piece of potato. 0 6 . 1 Give two control variables the student used in the investigation. [ 2 mark s ] 1 2 * 26 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
26
Do not write
outside the
0 6 A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of salt solution on the box
mass of uncooked pieces of potato.
This is the method used.
1. Cut four pieces of a potato to the same size.
2. Record the mass of each piece of potato.
3. Put one of the pieces of potato into a beaker containing 100 cm 3 of 0.1 mol/dm 3
salt solution.
4. Repeat step 3 using the other pieces of potato, each in a different concentration of
salt solution.
5. After 20 minutes, remove the pieces of potato from the solutions.
6. Record the mass of each piece of potato.
0 6 . 1 Give two control variables the student used in the investigation.
[ 2 mark s ]
1
2
* 26 *
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PMT 27 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 2 The student needed to be sure the measurements were as accurate as possible. box What should be done to each piece of potato after removing from the solution and before measuring the mass? [1 mark] 0 6 . 3 Name the piece of apparatus the student could use to measure the mass of the pieces of potato. [1 mark] Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 27 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
27
Do not write
outside the
0 6 . 2 The student needed to be sure the measurements were as accurate as possible. box
What should be done to each piece of potato after removing from the solution and
before measuring the mass?
[1 mark]
0 6 . 3 Name the piece of apparatus the student could use to measure the mass of the
pieces of potato.
[1 mark]
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 27 *
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PMT 28 Do not write outside the Table 4 shows the results. box Table 4 Mass of piece of potato in grams Concentration Percentage (%) Piece of of salt solution change in mass potato After 20 in mol/dm 3 At start Change of piece of potato minutes A 0.1 6.2 6.5 + 0.3 + 4.8 B 0.3 6.8 6.5 − 0.3 − 4.4 C 0.5 6.5 5.8 − 0.7 − 10.8 D 0.7 6.0 4.9 − 1.1 X 0 6 . 4 What was the resolution of the apparatus used for measuring mass? Use Table 4 . [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. 0.01 g 0.1 g 1.0 g 1.1 g 0 6 . 5 Which piece of potato had the greatest change in mass in the investigation? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A B C D * 28 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
28
Do not write
outside the
Table 4 shows the results. box
Table 4
Mass of piece of potato in grams
Concentration Percentage (%)
Piece of
of salt solution change in mass
potato After 20
in mol/dm 3 At start Change of piece of potato
minutes
A 0.1 6.2 6.5 + 0.3 + 4.8
B 0.3 6.8 6.5 − 0.3 − 4.4
C 0.5 6.5 5.8 − 0.7 − 10.8
D 0.7 6.0 4.9 − 1.1 X
0 6 . 4 What was the resolution of the apparatus used for measuring mass?
Use Table 4 .
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
0.01 g 0.1 g 1.0 g 1.1 g
0 6 . 5 Which piece of potato had the greatest change in mass in the investigation?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A B C D
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PMT 29 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 6 Calculate value X in Table 4 . box Use the equation: change in mass in grams percentage change in mass = × 100 mass at start in grams Give your answer to 1 decimal place. [ 3 mark s ] X (1 decimal place) = % 0 6 . 7 What is the best way to present the data in Table 4 ? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Bar chart Line graph Pie chart Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 29 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 6 . 6 Calculate value X in Table 4 . box
Use the equation:
change in mass in grams
percentage change in mass = × 100
mass at start in grams
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
[ 3 mark s ]
X (1 decimal place) = %
0 6 . 7 What is the best way to present the data in Table 4 ?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Bar chart
Line graph
Pie chart
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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PMT 30 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 8 Complete the sentences. box [ 3 marks] Some of the pieces of potato decreased in mass because the potato cells lost . The decrease in mass was due to a process called . The structure surrounding each cell in a piece of potato is partially . 0 6 . 9 Table 4 is repeated below. Table 4 Mass of piece of potato in grams Concentration Percentage (%) Piece of of salt solution change in mass potato After 20 in mol/dm 3 At start Change of piece of potato minutes A 0.1 6.2 6.5 + 0.3 + 4.8 B 0.3 6.8 6.5 − 0.3 − 4.4 C 0.5 6.5 5.8 − 0.7 − 10.8 D 0.7 6.0 4.9 − 1.1 X Estimate the concentration of salt solution that would not cause a change in mass of these pieces of potato. [1 mark] 14 Concentration = mol/dm 3 * 30 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 6 . 8 Complete the sentences. box
[ 3 marks]
Some of the pieces of potato decreased in mass because the potato cells
lost .
The decrease in mass was due to a process called .
The structure surrounding each cell in a piece of potato is
partially .
0 6 . 9 Table 4 is repeated below.
Table 4
Mass of piece of potato in grams
Concentration Percentage (%)
Piece of
of salt solution change in mass
potato After 20
in mol/dm 3 At start Change of piece of potato
minutes
A 0.1 6.2 6.5 + 0.3 + 4.8
B 0.3 6.8 6.5 − 0.3 − 4.4
C 0.5 6.5 5.8 − 0.7 − 10.8
D 0.7 6.0 4.9 − 1.1 X
Estimate the concentration of salt solution that would not cause a change in mass of
these pieces of potato.
[1 mark]
14
Concentration = mol/dm 3
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PMT 32 Do not write outside the 0 7 A person has coronary heart disease. box 0 7 . 1 Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease? [ 1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Arteries Capillaries Veins A person’s heart stops beating. The person stops breathing. A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest. Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart. 0 7 . 2 Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person. [ 2 mark s ] * 32 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 7 A person has coronary heart disease. box
0 7 . 1 Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease?
[ 1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
A person’s heart stops beating.
The person stops breathing.
A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest.
Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart.
0 7 . 2 Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person.
[ 2 mark s ]
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PMT 33 Do not write outside the 0 7 . 3 The first-aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth. box Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person. [ 1 mark] 0 7 . 4 The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing. The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood. Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the person’s blood. [ 1 mark] 0 7 . 5 A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted. Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease. [ 2 mark s ] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 33 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 7 . 3 The first-aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth. box
Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person.
[ 1 mark]
0 7 . 4 The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing.
The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood.
Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the
person’s blood.
[ 1 mark]
0 7 . 5 A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted.
Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease.
[ 2 mark s ]
Question 7 continues on the next page
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PMT 34 Do not write outside the Table 5 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different box cardiovascular diseases. Table 5 Percentage (%) increase in risk Cardiovascular compared to people who have disease never smoked E 14 F 20 G 29 H 70 0 7 . 6 Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 5 . [ 2 mark s ] 1 2 0 7 . 7 Complete Figure 6 . You should: • label the y-axis • add the correct scale to the y-axis • plot the data from Table 5 • label each bar. The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you. [4 marks] * 34 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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Table 5 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different box
cardiovascular diseases.
Table 5
Percentage (%) increase in risk
Cardiovascular
compared to people who have
disease
never smoked
E 14
F 20
G 29
H 70
0 7 . 6 Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 5 .
[ 2 mark s ]
1
2
0 7 . 7 Complete Figure 6 .
You should:
• label the y-axis
• add the correct scale to the y-axis
• plot the data from Table 5
• label each bar.
The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you.
[4 marks]
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PMT 35 Do not write outside the Figure 6 box 0 7 . 8 Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Do not refer to smoking in your answer. [ 1 mark] 14 Turn over ► * 35 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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Figure 6 box
0 7 . 8 Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Do not refer to smoking in your answer.
[ 1 mark]
14
Turn over ►
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PMT 36 Do not write outside the 0 8 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene. box 0 8 . 1 Where in a cell would the CF gene be found? [ 1 mark] * 36 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 8 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene. box
0 8 . 1 Where in a cell would the CF gene be found?
[ 1 mark]
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PMT 37 Do not write outside the CF affects many organs in the body. box The main organs affected are: • the lungs • the pancreas • the small intestine. 0 8 . 2 Figure 7 shows organs of the human body. Figure 7 Which letters in Figure 7 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A , D and E A , E and F B , C and D B , C and F Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 37 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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CF affects many organs in the body. box
The main organs affected are:
• the lungs
• the pancreas
• the small intestine.
0 8 . 2 Figure 7 shows organs of the human body.
Figure 7
Which letters in Figure 7 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A , D and E
A , E and F
B , C and D
B , C and F
Question 8 continues on the next page
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PMT 38 Do not write outside the 0 8 . 3 The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes. box CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine. Explain why a person with CF has: • difficulty digesting food • difficulty gaining body mass. [6 marks] * 38 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 8 . 3 The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes. box
CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine.
Explain why a person with CF has:
• difficulty digesting food
• difficulty gaining body mass.
[6 marks]
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PMT 39 Do not write outside the 0 8 . 4 Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs. box Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange. [3 marks] 1 2 3 0 8 . 5 CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli. Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the human body. [3 marks] 14 END OF QUESTIONS * 39 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

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0 8 . 4 Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs. box
Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange.
[3 marks]
1
2
3
0 8 . 5 CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli.
Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the
human body.
[3 marks]
14
END OF QUESTIONS
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PMT 44 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. * 246G8461/1F * * 44 * IB/M/Jun24/8461/1F

PMT
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Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each
live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk.
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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June 2024 QP - Paper 1 (F) AQA Biology GCSE