Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. F GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 1F Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For Examiner’s Use For this paper you must have: • a ruler Question Mark • a scientific calculator. 1 Instructions 2 • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3 • Pencil should only be used for drawing. 4 • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 5 • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6 this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7 • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 8 to be marked. 9 • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. TOTAL Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. * jun2184611F01 * 8461/1F IB/M/Jun21/E2 4

Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
F
GCSE
BIOLOGY
Foundation Tier Paper 1F
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a ruler
Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1
Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Pencil should only be used for drawing.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
5
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 6
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 7
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
8
to be marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 9
TOTAL
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.
* jun2184611F01 * 8461/1F
IB/M/Jun21/E2 4

2 Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 This question is about cells. 0 1 . 1 Which diagram shows oxygen moving by diffusion? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. 0 1 . 2 Complete the sentences. [3 marks] Choose answers from the box. carbon dioxide chlorophyll energy light mineral ions water Plant cells absorb substances from the soil. Plant cells use osmosis to absorb . Plant cells use active transport to absorb . Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient and needs . * 02 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

2
Do not write
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. outside the
box
0 1 This question is about cells.
0 1 . 1 Which diagram shows oxygen moving by diffusion?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
0 1 . 2 Complete the sentences.
[3 marks]
Choose answers from the box.
carbon dioxide chlorophyll energy
light mineral ions water
Plant cells absorb substances from the soil.
Plant cells use osmosis to absorb .
Plant cells use active transport to absorb .
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient and
needs .
* 02 *
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3 Do not write outside the Figure 1 shows a specialised cell that absorbs substances from the soil. box Figure 1 0 1 . 3 Name the type of specialised cell in Figure 1 . [1 mark] 0 1 . 4 Describe how the cell in Figure 1 is adapted to increase the absorption of substances from the soil. [1 mark] Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 03 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

3
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Figure 1 shows a specialised cell that absorbs substances from the soil. box
Figure 1
0 1 . 3 Name the type of specialised cell in Figure 1 .
[1 mark]
0 1 . 4 Describe how the cell in Figure 1 is adapted to increase the absorption of substances
from the soil.
[1 mark]
Question 1 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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4 Do not write outside the A sperm cell is another specialised cell. box Figure 2 shows a sperm cell. Figure 2 0 1 . 5 Draw one line from each feature to how the feature helps the sperm cell carry out its function. [2 marks] Feature of sperm cell How the feature helps Contains a nucleus To break the outer layer of the egg To help the cell to swim to the egg To provide the chromosomes for fertilisation Has a long tail To release energy * 04 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

4
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A sperm cell is another specialised cell. box
Figure 2 shows a sperm cell.
Figure 2
0 1 . 5 Draw one line from each feature to how the feature helps the sperm cell carry out
its function.
[2 marks]
Feature of sperm cell How the feature helps
Contains a nucleus To break the outer layer of
the egg
To help the cell to swim to
the egg
To provide the chromosomes
for fertilisation
Has a long tail
To release energy
* 04 *
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5 Do not write outside the Figure 3 shows another specialised cell. box Figure 3 0 1 . 6 Name the type of cell in Figure 3 . Describe one feature of the cell that helps it to carry out its function. [2 marks] Name of the cell Feature of the cell 10 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 05 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

5
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Figure 3 shows another specialised cell. box
Figure 3
0 1 . 6 Name the type of cell in Figure 3 .
Describe one feature of the cell that helps it to carry out its function.
[2 marks]
Name of the cell
Feature of the cell
10
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 05 *
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6 Do not write outside the 0 2 Viruses cause disease. box 0 2 . 1 What name is given to microorganisms that cause disease? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Pathogens Predators Prokaryotes 0 2 . 2 How do viruses cause the symptoms of disease? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Viruses engulf white blood cells, destroying them. Viruses produce antibodies that damage tissues. Viruses reproduce inside cells, damaging them. * 06 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

6
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0 2 Viruses cause disease. box
0 2 . 1 What name is given to microorganisms that cause disease?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Pathogens
Predators
Prokaryotes
0 2 . 2 How do viruses cause the symptoms of disease?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Viruses engulf white blood cells, destroying them.
Viruses produce antibodies that damage tissues.
Viruses reproduce inside cells, damaging them.
* 06 *
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7 Do not write outside the Figure 4 shows a virus and an animal cell. box Figure 4 0 2 . 3 Suggest one reason why viruses are not classed as cells. [1 mark] A vaccine can protect humans from a viral disease. 0 2 . 4 What does the vaccine contain? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A toxic form of a virus A weakened form of a virus An active form of a virus Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 07 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

7
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Figure 4 shows a virus and an animal cell. box
Figure 4
0 2 . 3 Suggest one reason why viruses are not classed as cells.
[1 mark]
A vaccine can protect humans from a viral disease.
0 2 . 4 What does the vaccine contain?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A toxic form of a virus
A weakened form of a virus
An active form of a virus
Question 2 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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8 Do not write outside the In some cases, a first vaccination needs to be followed by a second vaccination some box time later. 0 2 . 5 Which graph shows how the concentration of antibodies in a person’s blood changes after the first and second vaccinations? [1 mark ] Tick (  ) one box. * 08 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

8
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outside the
In some cases, a first vaccination needs to be followed by a second vaccination some box
time later.
0 2 . 5 Which graph shows how the concentration of antibodies in a person’s blood changes
after the first and second vaccinations?
[1 mark ]
Tick (  ) one box.
* 08 *
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9 Do not write outside the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes disease in plants. box TMV affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants. 0 2 . 6 Which part of a plant shows discolouration caused by TMV? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Flower Leaf Root Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 09 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

9
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outside the
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes disease in plants. box
TMV affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
0 2 . 6 Which part of a plant shows discolouration caused by TMV?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Flower
Leaf
Root
Question 2 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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10 Do not write outside the Table 1 shows the rate of photosynthesis in four different tobacco plants. box Table 1 Level of TMV infection Rate of photosynthesis Tobacco plant in plant in arbitrary units A None 15 B Mild 13 C Medium 7 D High 3 0 2 . 7 Complete Figure 5 . You should: • label the y-axis • add the correct scale to the y-axis • plot the data from Table 1 • label each bar. [5 marks] Figure 5 * 10 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

10
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Table 1 shows the rate of photosynthesis in four different tobacco plants. box
Table 1
Level of TMV infection Rate of photosynthesis
Tobacco plant
in plant in arbitrary units
A None 15
B Mild 13
C Medium 7
D High 3
0 2 . 7 Complete Figure 5 .
You should:
• label the y-axis
• add the correct scale to the y-axis
• plot the data from Table 1
• label each bar.
[5 marks]
Figure 5
* 10 *
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11 Do not write outside the 0 2 . 8 What conclusion can be made from the data in Table 1 ? box [1 mark] 0 2 . 9 Explain why a high level of TMV infection reduces growth in a plant. [ 2 mark s ] 14 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 11 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

11
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0 2 . 8 What conclusion can be made from the data in Table 1 ? box
[1 mark]
0 2 . 9 Explain why a high level of TMV infection reduces growth in a plant.
[ 2 mark s ]
14
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
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12 Do not write outside the 0 3 A cactus is a plant that lives in a dry environment. box Figure 6 shows part of a cactus plant. Figure 6 0 3 . 1 Give one adaptation shown in Figure 6 that helps to prevent the cactus from being eaten by animals. [1 mark] 0 3 . 2 A plant may produce poisons that make animals unwell. What is this type of defence mechanism? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Chemical Mechanical Physical * 12 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

12
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0 3 A cactus is a plant that lives in a dry environment. box
Figure 6 shows part of a cactus plant.
Figure 6
0 3 . 1 Give one adaptation shown in Figure 6 that helps to prevent the cactus from being
eaten by animals.
[1 mark]
0 3 . 2 A plant may produce poisons that make animals unwell.
What is this type of defence mechanism?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Chemical
Mechanical
Physical
* 12 *
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13 Do not write outside the 0 3 . 3 Some desert plants only grow leaves after it has rained. box As soon as the soil dries out, the leaves fall off. How could the leaves falling off the plant be an advantage to a plant that lives in a dry environment? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. The plant is less likely to reproduce. The plant will not lose as much water. The plant will photosynthesise faster. The stem of a cactus is green. 0 3 . 4 What causes the green colour in the stem? [1 mark] 0 3 . 5 What is the advantage to the cactus of having a green stem? [1 mark] Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 13 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

13
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outside the
0 3 . 3 Some desert plants only grow leaves after it has rained. box
As soon as the soil dries out, the leaves fall off.
How could the leaves falling off the plant be an advantage to a plant that lives in a dry
environment?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
The plant is less likely to reproduce.
The plant will not lose as much water.
The plant will photosynthesise faster.
The stem of a cactus is green.
0 3 . 4 What causes the green colour in the stem?
[1 mark]
0 3 . 5 What is the advantage to the cactus of having a green stem?
[1 mark]
Question 3 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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14 Do not write outside the The stem of a cactus contains many different tissues. box 0 3 . 6 What name is given to a group of tissues working together? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Organ Organism Organ system 0 3 . 7 Name one substance transported through the xylem in the stem of the cactus. [1 mark] 0 3 . 8 Name the tissue that transports dissolved sugars through the stem of the cactus. [1 mark] 8 * 14 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

14
Do not write
outside the
The stem of a cactus contains many different tissues. box
0 3 . 6 What name is given to a group of tissues working together?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Organ
Organism
Organ system
0 3 . 7 Name one substance transported through the xylem in the stem of the cactus.
[1 mark]
0 3 . 8 Name the tissue that transports dissolved sugars through the stem of the cactus.
[1 mark]
8
* 14 *
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15 Do not write outside the 0 4 Carbohydrates are needed as part of a balanced diet. box 0 4 . 1 Which formula shows glucose? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. C H O 6 12 6 CO 2 H O 2 O 2 0 4 . 2 Which type of enzyme breaks down starch? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Carbohydrase Lipase Protease Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 15 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

15
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0 4 Carbohydrates are needed as part of a balanced diet. box
0 4 . 1 Which formula shows glucose?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
C H O
6 12 6
CO
2
H O
2
O
2
0 4 . 2 Which type of enzyme breaks down starch?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Carbohydrase
Lipase
Protease
Question 4 continues on the next page
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16 Do not write outside the A student investigated the effect of temperature on the activity of the box enzyme amylase. Figure 7 shows the apparatus used. Figure 7 This is the method used. 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 7 . 2. After 5 minutes, pour the starch solution into the amylase solution and mix. 3. Remove one drop of the amylase-starch solution mixture and place onto a spotting tile. 4. Immediately add two drops of iodine solution to the amylase-starch solution mixture on the spotting tile. 5. Record the colour of the iodine solution added to the amylase-starch solution mixture. 6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 every minute until the iodine solution is yellow-brown. 0 4 . 3 Name apparatus Q in Figure 7 . [1 mark] * 16 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

16
Do not write
outside the
A student investigated the effect of temperature on the activity of the box
enzyme amylase.
Figure 7 shows the apparatus used.
Figure 7
This is the method used.
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 7 .
2. After 5 minutes, pour the starch solution into the amylase solution and mix.
3. Remove one drop of the amylase-starch solution mixture and place onto a
spotting tile.
4. Immediately add two drops of iodine solution to the amylase-starch solution mixture
on the spotting tile.
5. Record the colour of the iodine solution added to the amylase-starch solution
mixture.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 every minute until the iodine solution is yellow-brown.
0 4 . 3 Name apparatus Q in Figure 7 .
[1 mark]
* 16 *
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17 Do not write outside the 0 4 . 4 Why were the starch solution and the amylase solution left for five minutes before box mixing them together? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. So that both solutions could reach 10 °C So that the student could calculate a mean So that the student could repeat the investigation So that the student had time to draw a table of results Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 17 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

17
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outside the
0 4 . 4 Why were the starch solution and the amylase solution left for five minutes before box
mixing them together?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
So that both solutions could reach 10 °C
So that the student could calculate a mean
So that the student could repeat the investigation
So that the student had time to draw a table of results
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 17 *
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18 Do not write outside the Figure 8 shows the results. box Figure 8 0 4 . 5 How many minutes did it take until the iodine solution and amylase-starch solution mixture was yellow-brown? Use Figure 8 . [1 mark] minutes 0 4 . 6 How could a more accurate time be obtained? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Add more iodine solution to the spotting tile. Test the mixture with iodine solution every 30 seconds. Test the mixture with iodine solution for more time. Use two drops of amylase-starch solution mixture in each test. * 18 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

18
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Figure 8 shows the results. box
Figure 8
0 4 . 5 How many minutes did it take until the iodine solution and amylase-starch solution
mixture was yellow-brown?
Use Figure 8 .
[1 mark]
minutes
0 4 . 6 How could a more accurate time be obtained?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Add more iodine solution to the spotting tile.
Test the mixture with iodine solution every 30 seconds.
Test the mixture with iodine solution for more time.
Use two drops of amylase-starch solution mixture in each test.
* 18 *
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19 Do not write outside the The student repeated the investigation at five different temperatures. box Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Time taken until iodine solution and mixture Temperature in °C was yellow-brown in minutes 20 5 35 2 50 7 65 12 80 Remained blue-black 0 4 . 7 Which temperature did the enzyme work quickest at? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. 20 °C 35 °C 50 °C 65 °C 0 4 . 8 Explain why the iodine solution remained blue-black in the investigation at 80 ° C. [2 marks] 9 Turn over ► * 19 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

19
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outside the
The student repeated the investigation at five different temperatures. box
Table 2 shows the results.
Table 2
Time taken until iodine solution and mixture
Temperature in °C
was yellow-brown in minutes
20 5
35 2
50 7
65 12
80 Remained blue-black
0 4 . 7 Which temperature did the enzyme work quickest at?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
20 °C
35 °C
50 °C
65 °C
0 4 . 8 Explain why the iodine solution remained blue-black in the investigation at 80 ° C.
[2 marks]
9
Turn over ►
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20 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 20 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

20
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outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
* 20 *
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21 Do not write outside the 0 5 A high cholesterol concentration in the blood can lead to blockages inside arteries. box The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Figure 9 shows a coronary artery with a blockage. Figure 9 0 5 Why could the blockage in Figure 9 . 1 cause cells in the heart to die? [2 marks] Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 21 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

21
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0 5 A high cholesterol concentration in the blood can lead to blockages inside arteries. box
The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.
Figure 9 shows a coronary artery with a blockage.
Figure 9
0 5 . 1 Why could the blockage in Figure 9 cause cells in the heart to die?
[2 marks]
Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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22 Do not write outside the Doctors can measure the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. box Table 3 shows four different blood cholesterol categories. Table 3 Blood cholesterol concentration Cholesterol category in mmol per dm 3 <4.6 Low 4.6–5.0 Normal 5.1–6.1 Medium 6.2 and above High Figure 10 shows the blood cholesterol concentration of four people. Figure 10 * 22 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

22
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Doctors can measure the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. box
Table 3 shows four different blood cholesterol categories.
Table 3
Blood cholesterol concentration
Cholesterol category
in mmol per dm 3
<4.6 Low
4.6–5.0 Normal
5.1–6.1 Medium
6.2 and above High
Figure 10 shows the blood cholesterol concentration of four people.
Figure 10
* 22 *
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23 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 2 Which person is in the medium cholesterol category? box [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A B C D 0 5 . 3 Which person is most at risk of having a heart attack? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. A B C D 0 5 . 4 Give a reason for your answer to Question 05.3 . [ 1 mark ] 0 5 . 5 The blood cholesterol concentration of person D is greater than the blood cholesterol concentration of person A . Calculate how many times greater. Use Figure 10 . [2 marks] Number of times greater = Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 23 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

23
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0 5 . 2 Which person is in the medium cholesterol category? box
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A B C D
0 5 . 3 Which person is most at risk of having a heart attack?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
A B C D
0 5 . 4 Give a reason for your answer to Question 05.3 .
[ 1 mark ]
0 5 . 5 The blood cholesterol concentration of person D is greater than the blood cholesterol
concentration of person A .
Calculate how many times greater.
Use Figure 10 .
[2 marks]
Number of times greater =
Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
* 23 *
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24 Do not write outside the Figure 11 shows how a stent can be used to treat a person with a blockage in a box coronary artery. Figure 11 0 5 . 6 Explain how a stent works as a treatment for a person with a blockage in a coronary artery. [2 marks] Patients are given anti-clotting drugs after they have a stent fitted. The drugs help to prevent clots forming in the blood. 0 5 . 7 Which part of the blood starts the blood clotting process? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Antibodies Plasma Platelets Red blood cells * 24 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

24
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outside the
Figure 11 shows how a stent can be used to treat a person with a blockage in a box
coronary artery.
Figure 11
0 5 . 6 Explain how a stent works as a treatment for a person with a blockage in a
coronary artery.
[2 marks]
Patients are given anti-clotting drugs after they have a stent fitted.
The drugs help to prevent clots forming in the blood.
0 5 . 7 Which part of the blood starts the blood clotting process?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Antibodies
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
* 24 *
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25 Do not write outside the 0 5 . 8 When a stent is fitted the doctor gives the patient an injection of anti-clotting drugs. box The patient then takes one anti-clotting tablet every day. Anti-clotting drugs: • are very effective • can take a week to begin working fully • have been used for over 60 years • cost very little to make • do not work effectively if the patient eats certain types of food. The patient must have their blood tested every few weeks to check that the anti-clotting drugs are working. Evaluate the use of anti -clotting drugs in patients who have had a stent fitted. [4 marks] 14 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 25 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

25
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0 5 . 8 When a stent is fitted the doctor gives the patient an injection of anti-clotting drugs. box
The patient then takes one anti-clotting tablet every day.
Anti-clotting drugs:
• are very effective
• can take a week to begin working fully
• have been used for over 60 years
• cost very little to make
• do not work effectively if the patient eats certain types of food.
The patient must have their blood tested every few weeks to check that the
anti-clotting drugs are working.
Evaluate the use of anti -clotting drugs in patients who have had a stent fitted.
[4 marks]
14
Turn over for the next question
Turn over ►
* 25 *
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26 Do not write outside the 0 6 Figure 12 shows a model used to demonstrate human breathing. box Figure 12 0 6 . 1 Which part of the breathing system is represented by the glass tube? [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Alveoli Capillaries Lung Trachea * 26 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

26
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0 6 Figure 12 shows a model used to demonstrate human breathing. box
Figure 12
0 6 . 1 Which part of the breathing system is represented by the glass tube?
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Alveoli
Capillaries
Lung
Trachea
* 26 *
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27 Do not write outside the The model in Figure 12 represents the human breathing system. box A teacher said: “ The model does not represent the human breathing system very well.” 0 6 . 2 Give two reasons why the teacher is correct. [2 marks] 1 2 Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 27 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

27
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outside the
The model in Figure 12 represents the human breathing system. box
A teacher said:
“ The model does not represent the human breathing system very well.”
0 6 . 2 Give two reasons why the teacher is correct.
[2 marks]
1
2
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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28 Do not write outside the A scientist investigated the effect of exercise on breathing rate. box This is the method used. 1. Record the breathing rates of 10 male non-smokers at rest. 2. Tell each man to run on a treadmill at the same speed for 8 minutes. 3. Record the breathing rate of each man every 2 minutes. 4. Continue to record the breathing rate of each man for 4 minutes after he stops running. 0 6 . 3 Give two variables the scientist controlled in the investigation. [2 marks] 1 2 Figure 13 shows the data collected from one of the men. Figure 13 * 28 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

28
Do not write
outside the
A scientist investigated the effect of exercise on breathing rate. box
This is the method used.
1. Record the breathing rates of 10 male non-smokers at rest.
2. Tell each man to run on a treadmill at the same speed for 8 minutes.
3. Record the breathing rate of each man every 2 minutes.
4. Continue to record the breathing rate of each man for 4 minutes after he
stops running.
0 6 . 3 Give two variables the scientist controlled in the investigation.
[2 marks]
1
2
Figure 13 shows the data collected from one of the men.
Figure 13
* 28 *
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29 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 4 Calculate the percentage increase in the man’s breathing rate between 0 minutes and box 8 minutes. [3 marks] Use the equation: ( breathing rate at 8 minutes − breathing rate at 0 minutes ) percentage increase = × 100 breathing rate at 0 minutes Percentage increase = % 0 6 Explain why the man’s breathing rate increased when he was running. . 5 [2 marks] Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 29 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

29
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0 6 . 4 Calculate the percentage increase in the man’s breathing rate between 0 minutes and box
8 minutes.
[3 marks]
Use the equation:
( breathing rate at 8 minutes − breathing rate at 0 minutes )
percentage increase = × 100
breathing rate at 0 minutes
Percentage increase = %
0 6 . 5 Explain why the man’s breathing rate increased when he was running.
[2 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
Turn over ►
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30 Do not write outside the 0 6 . 6 Give one measurement that could be taken to show a different effect of exercise on box the body. Do not refer to breathing rate in your answer. [1 mark] 0 6 . 7 The men in the investigation were all non-smokers. Give one effect that smoking can have on the body. [1 mark] 12 * 30 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

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0 6 . 6 Give one measurement that could be taken to show a different effect of exercise on box
the body.
Do not refer to breathing rate in your answer.
[1 mark]
0 6 . 7 The men in the investigation were all non-smokers.
Give one effect that smoking can have on the body.
[1 mark]
12
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31 Do not write outside the Turn over for the next question box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Turn over ► * 31 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

31
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32 Do not write outside the 0 7 A student prepared some animal cells to view using a microscope. box Figure 14 shows the student preparing the cells. Figure 14 0 7 . 1 Name two pieces of laboratory equipment the student could have used to prepare cells to view using a microscope. [2 marks] 1 2 * 32 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

32
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0 7 A student prepared some animal cells to view using a microscope. box
Figure 14 shows the student preparing the cells.
Figure 14
0 7 . 1 Name two pieces of laboratory equipment the student could have used to prepare
cells to view using a microscope.
[2 marks]
1
2
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33 Do not write outside the Figure 15 shows the student’s light microscope. box Figure 15 0 7 A . 2 Name part . [1 mark] 0 7 . 3 What is the function of part B ? [1 mark] 0 7 The student tried to look at the cells using the microscope. . 4 Suggest one reason why the student could not see any cells when looking through part A . [1 mark] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 33 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

33
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Figure 15 shows the student’s light microscope. box
Figure 15
0 7 . 2 Name part A .
[1 mark]
0 7 . 3 What is the function of part B ?
[1 mark]
0 7 . 4 The student tried to look at the cells using the microscope.
Suggest one reason why the student could not see any cells when looking through
part A .
[1 mark]
Question 7 continues on the next page
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34 Do not write outside the 0 7 . 5 Red blood cells are specialised animal cells. box Compare the structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell. [6 marks] 0 7 . 6 When placed into a beaker of water: • a red blood cell bursts • a plant cell does not burst. Explain why the red blood cell bursts but the plant cell does not burst. [2 marks] 13 * 34 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

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0 7 . 5 Red blood cells are specialised animal cells. box
Compare the structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell.
[6 marks]
0 7 . 6 When placed into a beaker of water:
• a red blood cell bursts
• a plant cell does not burst.
Explain why the red blood cell bursts but the plant cell does not burst.
[2 marks]
13
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35 Do not write outside the 0 8 A student investigated the effectiveness of three different antibiotics. box Figure 16 shows how the student set up an agar plate. Figure 16 The student used aseptic techniques to make sure that only one type of bacterium was growing on the agar. 0 8 . 1 Describe two aseptic techniques the student should have used. [2 marks] 1 2 Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 35 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

35
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0 8 A student investigated the effectiveness of three different antibiotics. box
Figure 16 shows how the student set up an agar plate.
Figure 16
The student used aseptic techniques to make sure that only one type of bacterium
was growing on the agar.
0 8 . 1 Describe two aseptic techniques the student should have used.
[2 marks]
1
2
Question 8 continues on the next page
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36 Do not write outside the The student placed the agar plate in an incubator at 25 °C for 48 hours. box Figure 17 shows the agar plate after 48 hours. Figure 17 0 8 . 2 Which antibiotic is the least effective? Give a reason for your answer. [1 mark] Least effective antibiotic Reason * 36 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

36
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The student placed the agar plate in an incubator at 25 °C for 48 hours. box
Figure 17 shows the agar plate after 48 hours.
Figure 17
0 8 . 2 Which antibiotic is the least effective?
Give a reason for your answer.
[1 mark]
Least effective antibiotic
Reason
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37 Do not write outside the 0 8 . 3 Calculate the area where no bacteria were growing for antibiotic C . box 𝜋𝜋 = Use 3.14 Give the unit. [5 marks] Area = Unit 0 8 . 4 Suggest one way the student could improve the investigation. [1 mark] 9 Turn over for the next question Turn over ► * 37 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

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0 8 . 3 Calculate the area where no bacteria were growing for antibiotic C . box
Use 𝜋𝜋 = 3.14
Give the unit.
[5 marks]
Area = Unit
0 8 . 4 Suggest one way the student could improve the investigation.
[1 mark]
9
Turn over for the next question
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38 Do not write outside the 0 9 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way of finding out if a person’s body mass falls within a box healthy range for their height. Table 4 shows information about two people. Table 4 Person Body mass in kg Height in m BMI in kg/m 2 A 63 1.65 23.1 B 92 1.71 X Figure 18 shows five BMI categories for adults . Figure 18 * 38 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

38
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0 9 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way of finding out if a person’s body mass falls within a box
healthy range for their height.
Table 4 shows information about two people.
Table 4
Person Body mass in kg Height in m BMI in kg/m 2
A 63 1.65 23.1
B 92 1.71 X
Figure 18 shows five BMI categories for adults .
Figure 18
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39 Do not write outside the 0 9 Which is the BMI category of person . 1 A in Table 4 ? box [1 mark] Tick (  ) one box. Clinically obese Normal Obese Overweight Underweight 0 9 . 2 Calculate value X in Table 4 . Use the equation: body mass BMI = 2 height Give your answer to 3 significant figures. [3 marks] X = kg/m 2 Question 9 continues on the next page Turn over ► * 39 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

39
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0 9 . 1 Which is the BMI category of person A in Table 4 ? box
[1 mark]
Tick (  ) one box.
Clinically obese
Normal
Obese
Overweight
Underweight
0 9 . 2 Calculate value X in Table 4 .
Use the equation:
body mass
BMI =
height 2
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
[3 marks]
X = kg/m 2
Question 9 continues on the next page
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40 Do not write outside the Scientists think there is a link between BMI and life expectancy. box Table 5 shows information about predicted life expectancy of men after the age of 50. Table 5 Predicted number of years Predicted number of years BMI living in good health after living in bad health after the Category the age of 50 age of 50 Normal 19.06 4.98 Overweight 18.68 5.32 Obese 16.37 7.08 Clinically obese 13.07 10.10 0 9 Describe two patterns shown in . 3 Table 5 about the effects of BMI category. [2 marks] 1 2 * 40 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

40
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Scientists think there is a link between BMI and life expectancy. box
Table 5 shows information about predicted life expectancy of men after the age of 50.
Table 5
Predicted number of years Predicted number of years
BMI
living in good health after living in bad health after the
Category
the age of 50 age of 50
Normal 19.06 4.98
Overweight 18.68 5.32
Obese 16.37 7.08
Clinically obese 13.07 10.10
0 9 . 3 Describe two patterns shown in Table 5 about the effects of BMI category.
[2 marks]
1
2
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41 Do not write outside the The number of people who are obese in the UK is increasing. box 0 9 . 4 Explain the financial impact on the UK economy of an increasing number of people who are obese. [2 marks] 0 9 . 5 A person who is obese is more at risk of arthritis. Arthritis is a condition that damages joints. Suggest how arthritis could affect a person’s lifestyle. [1 mark] 0 9 . 6 A person who eats a diet high in saturated fat might become obese. Name two health conditions that might develop if a person eats a diet high in saturated fat. Do not refer to arthritis in your answer. [2 marks] 1 11 2 END OF QUESTIONS * 41 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

41
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The number of people who are obese in the UK is increasing. outside the
box
0 9 . 4 Explain the financial impact on the UK economy of an increasing number of people
who are obese.
[2 marks]
0 9 . 5 A person who is obese is more at risk of arthritis.
Arthritis is a condition that damages joints.
Suggest how arthritis could affect a person’s lifestyle.
[1 mark]
0 9 . 6 A person who eats a diet high in saturated fat might become obese.
Name two health conditions that might develop if a person eats a diet high in
saturated fat.
Do not refer to arthritis in your answer.
[2 marks]
1
11
2
END OF QUESTIONS
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42 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED * 42 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

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43 Do not write outside the box Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. * 43 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

43
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number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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44 Do not write outside the box Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2021 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. * 216g8461/1F * * 44 * IB/M/Jun21/8461/1F

44
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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet
is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk.
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have
been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the
Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2021 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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November 2021 QP - Paper 1F AQA Biology GCSE