PMT PMT SPECIMEN MATERIAL GCSE F BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 1F Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a calculator. Instructions • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • There are 100 marks available on this paper. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. • When answering questions 02.7, 10.4 and 11.2 you need to make sure that your answer: ‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured ‒ fully meets the requirements of the question ‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Please write clearly, in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature

PMT PMT
SPECIMEN MATERIAL
GCSE
F
BIOLOGY
Foundation Tier Paper 1F
Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
• a calculator.
Instructions
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information
• There are 100 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
• When answering questions 02.7, 10.4 and 11.2 you need to make sure that your answer:
‒ is clear, logical, sensibly structured
‒ fully meets the requirements of the question
‒ shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.
Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Please write clearly, in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature

PMT PMT 2 0 1 Figure 1 shows a diagram of the human heart. Figure 1 0 1 . 1 What part of the heart is labelled A ? [1 mark] Tick one box. Aorta Atrium Valve Ventricle SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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2
0 1 Figure 1 shows a diagram of the human heart.
Figure 1
0 1 . 1 What part of the heart is labelled A ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Aorta
Atrium
Valve
Ventricle
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 3 0 1 . 2 Where does the pulmonary artery take blood to? [1 mark] Tick one box. Brain Liver Lungs Stomach 0 1 . 3 Circle a valve on Figure 1 . [ 1 mark ] Question 1 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 1 . 2 Where does the pulmonary artery take blood to?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Brain
Liver
Lungs
Stomach
0 1 . 3 Circle a valve on Figure 1 .
[ 1 mark ]
Question 1 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 4 The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart. Figure 2 shows two coronary arteries. Figure 2 0 1 . 4 Describe two ways the healthy artery is different from the artery affected by coronary heart disease. [ 2 marks] 1 2 0 1 . 5 What can be used to treat people with coronary heart disease? [2 marks] Tick two boxes. Antibiotics Hormones Statins Stent Vaccination SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.
Figure 2 shows two coronary arteries.
Figure 2
0 1 . 4 Describe two ways the healthy artery is different from the artery affected by coronary
heart disease.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
0 1 . 5 What can be used to treat people with coronary heart disease?
[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Antibiotics
Hormones
Statins
Stent
Vaccination
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 5 0 1 . 6 Suggest two risk factors for coronary heart disease. [2 marks] 1 2 Question 1 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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5
0 1 . 6 Suggest two risk factors for coronary heart disease.
[2 marks]
1
2
Question 1 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 6 Figure 3 shows the percentages of adults in the UK who have coronary heart disease. Figure 3 0 1 . 7 Calculate the difference in the percentage of male and female adults aged 65 and over who have coronary heart disease. [ 1 mark ] % SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Figure 3 shows the percentages of adults in the UK who have coronary
heart disease.
Figure 3
0 1 . 7 Calculate the difference in the percentage of male and female adults
aged 65 and over who have coronary heart disease.
[ 1 mark ]
%
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 7 0 1 . 8 Which is the correct conclusion for the data in Figure 3 ? [1 mark] Tick one box. Children do not suffer from coronary heart disease More males suffer from coronary heart disease than females More younger people suffer from coronary heart disease than older people Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 1 . 8 Which is the correct conclusion for the data in Figure 3 ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Children do not suffer from coronary heart disease
More males suffer from coronary heart disease than females
More younger people suffer from coronary heart disease than older people
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 8 0 2 Catalase is an enzyme . Catalase controls the following reaction: A student did an investigation on catalase activity. This is the method used. 1. Put 1 cm 3 hydrogen peroxide solution in a test tube. 2. Add 1 cm 3 of catalase solution. • Bubbles of oxygen are produced. • Bubbles cause foam to rise up the tube. 3. Measure the maximum height of the foam. Figure 4 shows the experiment. Figure 4 The experiment is carried out at 20 °C. SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 2 Catalase is an enzyme .
Catalase controls the following reaction:
A student did an investigation on catalase activity.
This is the method used.
1. Put 1 cm 3 hydrogen peroxide solution in a test tube.
2. Add 1 cm 3 of catalase solution.
• Bubbles of oxygen are produced.
• Bubbles cause foam to rise up the tube.
3. Measure the maximum height of the foam.
Figure 4 shows the experiment.
Figure 4
The experiment is carried out at 20 °C.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 9 Table 1 shows some results from the investigation . Table 1 Maximum height of foam in cm Temperature in °C Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean 10 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 20 0.0 3.3 3.1 3.2 30 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 40 4.2 3.5 4.4 4.0 50 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 . 1 Why did the student carry out the experiment three times at each temperature? [ 1 mark ] Tick one box. To make the experiment more accurate To prove the experiment was correct To show the experiment was more repeatable 0 2 . 2 The student thought one result was an anomaly. Circle the anomaly in Table 1 . [ 1 mark] 0 2 . 3 What did the student do with the anomalous result? [ 1 mark] Question 2 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Table 1 shows some results from the investigation .
Table 1
Maximum height of foam in cm
Temperature
in °C
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean
10 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1
20 0.0 3.3 3.1 3.2
30 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2
40 4.2 3.5 4.4 4.0
50 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1
60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 2 . 1 Why did the student carry out the experiment three times at each temperature?
[ 1 mark ]
Tick one box.
To make the experiment more accurate
To prove the experiment was correct
To show the experiment was more repeatable
0 2 . 2 The student thought one result was an anomaly.
Circle the anomaly in Table 1 .
[ 1 mark]
0 2 . 3 What did the student do with the anomalous result?
[ 1 mark]
Question 2 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 10 0 2 . 4 Look at Table 1 on page 9 . What conclusion can be made as the temperature increases? [1 mark] Tick one box. D ecreases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C D ecreases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C I ncreases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C I ncreases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C 0 2 . 5 At which temperature was catalase denatured? [1 mark] Tick one box. 10 °C 30 °C 40 °C 60 °C 0 2 . 6 The student thought the optimum temperature for catalase activity was between 30 °C and 40 °C. How could the investigation be improved to find a more precise value for the optimum temperature? Tick one box. [1 mark] Do the experiment at 70 °C and 80 °C Do the experiment at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C Use less hydrogen peroxide solution Use more catalase solution SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 2 . 4 Look at Table 1 on page 9 .
What conclusion can be made as the temperature increases?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
D ecreases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C
D ecreases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C
I ncreases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C
I ncreases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C
0 2 . 5 At which temperature was catalase denatured?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
10 °C
30 °C
40 °C
60 °C
0 2 . 6 The student thought the optimum temperature for catalase activity was between
30 °C and 40 °C.
How could the investigation be improved to find a more precise value for the
optimum temperature?
Tick one box.
[1 mark]
Do the experiment at 70 °C and 80 °C
Do the experiment at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C
Use less hydrogen peroxide solution
Use more catalase solution
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 11 0 2 . 7 Amylase is the enzyme that controls the breakdown of starch to glucose. Describe how the student could investigate the effect of pH on the breakdown of starch by amylase. [4 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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11
0 2 . 7 Amylase is the enzyme that controls the breakdown of starch to glucose.
Describe how the student could investigate the effect of pH on the breakdown of
starch by amylase.
[4 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 12 0 3 Figure 5 shows a human cheek cell viewed under a light microscope. Figure 5 0 3 . 1 Label the nucleus and cell membrane on Figure 5 . [ 2 mark s ] 0 3 . 2 Cheek cells are a type of body cell. Body cells grow through cell division. What is the name of this type of cell division? [1 mark] Tick one box. Differentiation Mitosis Specialisation 0 3 . 3 Ribosomes and mitochondria are not shown in Figure 5 . What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes and mitochondria? [ 1 mark ] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 3 Figure 5 shows a human cheek cell viewed under a light microscope.
Figure 5
0 3 . 1 Label the nucleus and cell membrane on Figure 5 .
[ 2 mark s ]
0 3 . 2 Cheek cells are a type of body cell.
Body cells grow through cell division.
What is the name of this type of cell division?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Differentiation
Mitosis
Specialisation
0 3 . 3 Ribosomes and mitochondria are not shown in Figure 5 .
What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes and mitochondria?
[ 1 mark ]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 13 0 3 . 4 What is the advantage of using the type of microscope you named in part 03. 3 ? [1 mark] Tick one box. Cheaper Higher magnification Lower resolution 0 3 . 5 The cheek cell in Figure 6 is magnified 250 times. The width of the cell is shown by the line D to E . Figure 6 Calculate the width of the cheek cell in micrometres (μm). Complete the following steps. [ 3 marks] Measure the width of the cell using a ruler mm Use the equation to work out the real width of the cell in mm: mm Convert mm to μm μm Question 3 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 3 . 4 What is the advantage of using the type of microscope you named in part 03. 3 ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Cheaper
Higher magnification
Lower resolution
0 3 . 5 The cheek cell in Figure 6 is magnified 250 times.
The width of the cell is shown by the line D to E .
Figure 6
Calculate the width of the cheek cell in micrometres (μm).
Complete the following steps.
[ 3 marks]
Measure the width of the cell using a ruler mm
Use the equation to work out the real width of the cell
in mm:
mm
Convert mm to μm μm
Question 3 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 14 0 3 . 6 A red blood cell is 8 μ m in diameter. A bacterial cell is 40 times smaller. Calculate the diameter of the bacterial cell. [ 1 mark ] Tick one box. 0.02 μm 0.2 μm 2.0 μm 20.0 μm SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 3 . 6 A red blood cell is 8 μ m in diameter.
A bacterial cell is 40 times smaller.
Calculate the diameter of the bacterial cell.
[ 1 mark ]
Tick one box.
0.02 μm
0.2 μm
2.0 μm
20.0 μm
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 15 0 4 Microorganisms can cause disease . 0 4 . 1 Draw one line from each disease to the correct description. [ 3 mark s ] Question 4 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 4 Microorganisms can cause disease .
0 4 . 1 Draw one line from each disease to the correct description.
[ 3 mark s ]
Question 4 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 16 0 4 . 2 Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease. A bacterium causes gonorrhoea. What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea? [2 marks] Tick two boxes. Headache Pain when urinating Rash Vomiting Yellow discharge Table 2 shows the number of people in the UK diagnosed with gonorrhoea in different years. Table 2 Number of people diagnosed with gonorrhoea in thousands Year Female Male 2005 5.0 12.5 2007 5.0 12.5 2009 5.5 12.0 2011 6.0 14.0 2013 7.5 22.0 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 4 . 2 Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease.
A bacterium causes gonorrhoea.
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Headache
Pain when urinating
Rash
Vomiting
Yellow discharge
Table 2 shows the number of people in the UK diagnosed with gonorrhoea in
different years.
Table 2
Number of people diagnosed
with gonorrhoea in thousands
Year Female Male
2005 5.0 12.5
2007 5.0 12.5
2009 5.5 12.0
2011 6.0 14.0
2013 7.5 22.0
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 17 0 4 . 3 Use the data in Table 2 to complete Figure 7 . • The numbers for males have already been plotted. • Only some of the numbers for females have been plotted. [ 3 marks] Figure 7 0 4 . 4 D escribe the patterns in the numbers of males and females with gonorrhoea from 2005 to 2013. Use the data in Figure 7 . [ 3 marks] Question 4 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 4 . 3 Use the data in Table 2 to complete Figure 7 .
• The numbers for males have already been plotted.
• Only some of the numbers for females have been plotted.
[ 3 marks]
Figure 7
0 4 . 4 D escribe the patterns in the numbers of males and females with gonorrhoea from
2005 to 2013.
Use the data in Figure 7 .
[ 3 marks]
Question 4 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 18 0 4 . 5 Gonorrhoea is treated with an antibiotic. HIV is another sexually transmitted disease. Explain why prescribing an antibiotic will not cure HIV. [2 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 4 . 5 Gonorrhoea is treated with an antibiotic.
HIV is another sexually transmitted disease.
Explain why prescribing an antibiotic will not cure HIV.
[2 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 19 0 5 Anaerobic respiration happens in muscle cells and yeast cells. The equation describes anaerobic respiration in muscle cells. 0 5 . 1 How can you tell from the equation that this process is anaerobic? [ 1 mark] 0 5 . 2 Exercise cannot be sustained when anaerobic respiration takes place in muscle cells. Explain why. [ 2 mark s ] Question 5 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 5 Anaerobic respiration happens in muscle cells and yeast cells.
The equation describes anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
0 5 . 1 How can you tell from the equation that this process is anaerobic?
[ 1 mark]
0 5 . 2 Exercise cannot be sustained when anaerobic respiration takes place in
muscle cells.
Explain why.
[ 2 mark s ]
Question 5 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 20 Figure 8 shows an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast cells. Figure 8 0 5 . 3 What gas will bubble into Tube B ? [1 mark] Tick one box. Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen Water vapour SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Figure 8 shows an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
Figure 8
0 5 . 3 What gas will bubble into Tube B ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water vapour
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 21 0 5 . 4 Describe h ow you could use tube B to measu re the rate of the reaction in t ube A . [2 marks] 0 5 . 5 Anaerobic respiration in yeast is also called fermentation. Fermentation produces ethanol. Give one use of fermentation in the food industry. [ 1 mark ] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 5 . 4 Describe h ow you could use tube B to measu re the rate of the reaction in t ube A .
[2 marks]
0 5 . 5 Anaerobic respiration in yeast is also called fermentation.
Fermentation produces ethanol.
Give one use of fermentation in the food industry.
[ 1 mark ]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 22 There are no questions printed on this page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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There are no questions printed on this page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 23 0 6 Plants have adaptations to help defend themselves and to help them survive. Figure 9 shows a nettle plant. Figure 9 0 6 . 1 Explain how the nettle is adapted for defence and protection. [ 3 marks] Question 6 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 6 Plants have adaptations to help defend themselves and to help them survive.
Figure 9 shows a nettle plant.
Figure 9
0 6 . 1 Explain how the nettle is adapted for defence and protection.
[ 3 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 24 Witch hazel is another plant adapted for defence. Witch hazel produces oil with antiseptic properties. The oil prevents bacteria from attacking the plant. A student investigated how effective three different plant oils were at preventing the growth of bacteria. Figure 10 shows the results. Figure 10 0 6 . 2 Which plant oil is the most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria? Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks] Oil Reason SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Witch hazel is another plant adapted for defence.
Witch hazel produces oil with antiseptic properties. The oil prevents bacteria from
attacking the plant.
A student investigated how effective three different plant oils were at preventing the
growth of bacteria.
Figure 10 shows the results.
Figure 10
0 6 . 2 Which plant oil is the most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria?
Give a reason for your answer.
[2 marks]
Oil
Reason
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 25 0 6 . 3 The student tested tea tree oil using the same method. The results showed tea tree oil was the most effective at preventing bacterial growth. The student concluded that tea tree oil could be used to treat bacterial infections instead of antibiotics. Give one reason why this is not a valid conclusion. [ 1 mark ] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 6 . 3 The student tested tea tree oil using the same method.
The results showed tea tree oil was the most effective at preventing bacterial growth.
The student concluded that tea tree oil could be used to treat bacterial infections
instead of antibiotics.
Give one reason why this is not a valid conclusion.
[ 1 mark ]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 26 0 7 After a meal rich in carbohydrates, the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes. Table 3 shows the concentration of glucose at different distances along the small intestine. Table 3 Distance along the small Concentration of intestine in cm glucose in mol dm −3 100 50 300 500 500 250 700 0 0 7 . 1 At what distance along the small intestine is the glucose concentration highest? [ 1 mark] cm SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 7 After a meal rich in carbohydrates, the concentration of glucose in the
small intestine changes.
Table 3 shows the concentration of glucose at different distances along the
small intestine.
Table 3
Distance along the small Concentration of
intestine in cm glucose in mol dm −3
100 50
300 500
500 250
700 0
0 7 . 1 At what distance along the small intestine is the glucose concentration highest?
[ 1 mark]
cm
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 27 0 7 . 2 Use the data in Table 3 to plot a bar chart on Figure 11 . • Label the y -axis. • Choose a suitable scale. [ 4 marks ] Figure 11 Question 7 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 7 . 2 Use the data in Table 3 to plot a bar chart on Figure 11 .
• Label the y -axis.
• Choose a suitable scale.
[ 4 marks ]
Figure 11
Question 7 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 28 Look at Figure 11 on page 2 7 . 0 7 . 3 Describe how the concentration of glucose changes as distance increases along the small intestine. [ 2 marks] 0 7 . 4 Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between 100 cm and 300 cm. [ 2 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Look at Figure 11 on page 2 7 .
0 7 . 3 Describe how the concentration of glucose changes as distance increases along the
small intestine.
[ 2 marks]
0 7 . 4 Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between
100 cm and 300 cm.
[ 2 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 29 0 7 . 5 Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between 300 cm and 700 cm. [ 3 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 7 . 5 Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between
300 cm and 700 cm.
[ 3 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 30 0 8 To be healthy, plants need the right amount of mineral ions from the soil. Figure 12 shows four plants. The plants were grown in four different growing conditions: • sunny area, with nitrate and magnesium added to the soil • sunny area, with magnesium but no nitrate added to the soil • sunny area, with nitrate but no magnesium added to the soil • dark area, with nitrate and magnesium added to the soil. Figure 12 0 8 . 1 Which plant was grown with no nitrate ? [1 mark] Tick one box. A B C D 0 8 . 2 Which plant was grown with no magnesium ? [1 mark] Tick one box. A B C D SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 8 To be healthy, plants need the right amount of mineral ions from the soil.
Figure 12 shows four plants.
The plants were grown in four different growing conditions:
• sunny area, with nitrate and magnesium added to the soil
• sunny area, with magnesium but no nitrate added to the soil
• sunny area, with nitrate but no magnesium added to the soil
• dark area, with nitrate and magnesium added to the soil.
Figure 12
0 8 . 1 Which plant was grown with no nitrate ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A B C D
0 8 . 2 Which plant was grown with no magnesium ?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A B C D
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 31 0 8 . 3 Give one variable that was kept constant in this experiment. [ 1 mark ] 0 8 . 4 Plants need other minerals for healthy growth such as potassium ions and phosphate ions. A farmer wanted to compare the percentage of minerals in two types of manure. • Cow manure from her own farm. • Chicken manure pellets she could buy. Table 4 shows data for each type of manure. Table 4 Phosphate ions in % Potassium ions in % Cow manure 0.4 0.5 Chicken manure pellets 2.5 2.3 Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using the chicken manure pellets compared to the cow manure. [2 marks] Advantage Disadvantage Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 8 . 3 Give one variable that was kept constant in this experiment.
[ 1 mark ]
0 8 . 4 Plants need other minerals for healthy growth such as potassium ions and
phosphate ions.
A farmer wanted to compare the percentage of minerals in two types of manure.
• Cow manure from her own farm.
• Chicken manure pellets she could buy.
Table 4 shows data for each type of manure.
Table 4
Phosphate ions in % Potassium ions in %
Cow manure 0.4 0.5
Chicken manure pellets 2.5 2.3
Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using the chicken manure pellets
compared to the cow manure.
[2 marks]
Advantage
Disadvantage
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 32 There are no questions printed on this page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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32
There are no questions printed on this page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 33 0 9 Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves. 0 9 . 1 Plants move mineral ions: • from a low concentration in the soil • to a high concentration in the root cells. What process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells? [ 1 mark ] Tick one box. Active transport Diffusion Evaporation Osmosis 0 9 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves. [ 2 mark s ] Question 9 continues on the next page SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 9 Plants transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.
0 9 . 1 Plants move mineral ions:
• from a low concentration in the soil
• to a high concentration in the root cells.
What process do plants use to move these minerals ions into root cells?
[ 1 mark ]
Tick one box.
Active transport
Diffusion
Evaporation
Osmosis
0 9 . 2 Describe how water moves from roots to the leaves.
[ 2 mark s ]
Question 9 continues on the next page
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 34 Plants lose water through the stomata in the leaves. The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf. The stomata can be seen using a light microscope. Table 5 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf. Table 5 Number of stomata Leaf area Upper surface Lower surface 1 3 44 2 0 41 3 1 40 4 5 42 5 1 39 Mean 2 X 0 9 . 3 Describe how the student might have collected the data in Table 5 . [3 marks] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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Plants lose water through the stomata in the leaves.
The epidermis can be peeled from a leaf.
The stomata can be seen using a light microscope.
Table 5 shows the data a student collected from five areas on one leaf.
Table 5
Number of stomata
Leaf
area
Upper surface Lower surface
1 3 44
2 0 41
3 1 40
4 5 42
5 1 39
Mean 2 X
0 9 . 3 Describe how the student might have collected the data in Table 5 .
[3 marks]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 35 0 9 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf? [ 1 mark ] 0 9 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 5 . Give your answer to 2 significant figures. [2 marks] Mean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf = 0 9 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface of the leaf. Explain why this is an advantage to the plant. [ 2 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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0 9 . 4 What is the median number of stomata on the upper surface of the leaf?
[ 1 mark ]
0 9 . 5 Calculate the value of X in Table 5 .
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[2 marks]
Mean number of stomata on lower surface of leaf =
0 9 . 6 The plant used in this investigation has very few stomata on the upper surface
of the leaf.
Explain why this is an advantage to the plant.
[ 2 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 36 1 0 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants . Figure 1 3 shows a leaf infected with TMV. Figure 13 1 0 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected with TMV. Suggest why. [1 mark] 1 0 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV-resistant gene. Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the TMV-resistant gene. [ 1 mark ] SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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36
1 0 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a disease affecting plants .
Figure 1 3 shows a leaf infected with TMV.
Figure 13
1 0 . 1 All tools should be washed in disinfectant after using them on plants infected
with TMV.
Suggest why.
[1 mark]
1 0 . 2 Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV-resistant gene.
Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the
TMV-resistant gene.
[ 1 mark ]
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 37 1 0 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose. Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit. [ 2 marks] 1 0 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll. This causes leaf discoloration. Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth. [ 4 marks] Turn over for the next question SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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1 0 . 3 Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose.
Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit.
[ 2 marks]
1 0 . 4 TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll.
This causes leaf discoloration.
Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth.
[ 4 marks]
Turn over for the next question
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 38 1 1 Microorganisms cause infections. The human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms. 1 1 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms. [ 2 marks] 1 2 SPECIMEN MATERIAL

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38
1 1 Microorganisms cause infections.
The human body has many ways of defending itself against microorganisms.
1 1 . 1 Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms.
[ 2 marks]
1
2
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 39 1 1 . 2 I n 2014 the Ebola vir us killed almost 8 000 people in Africa. Drug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola. Explain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people. [6 marks] END OF QUESTIONS SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT
39
1 1 . 2 I n 2014 the Ebola vir us killed almost 8 000 people in Africa.
Drug companies have developed a new drug to treat Ebola.
Explain what testing must be done before this new drug can be used to treat people.
[6 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT 40 There are no questions printed on this page Copyright information Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Figure 5: Cheek cell © Ed Reschke/Getty Images Figure 6: Cheek cell © Ed Reschke/Getty Images Figure 13: Leaf with TMV © Nigel Cattlin/Getty Images SPECIMEN MATERIAL

PMT PMT
40
There are no questions printed on this page
Copyright information
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been
unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries
please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ.
Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Figure 5: Cheek cell © Ed Reschke/Getty Images
Figure 6: Cheek cell © Ed Reschke/Getty Images
Figure 13: Leaf with TMV © Nigel Cattlin/Getty Images
SPECIMEN MATERIAL

Specimen QP - Paper 1F AQA Biology GCSE